Concept of Development and Sustainable Development Development is

Concept of Development and Sustainable Development

• Development is not purely an economic phenomenon but rather a multidimensional process involving reorganization and reorientation of entire economic AND social system • Development is process of improving the quality of all human lives with three equally important aspects. These are:

a) Raising peoples’ living levels, i. e. incomes and consumption, levels of food, medical services, education through relevant growth processes b) Creating conditions conducive to the growth of peoples’ self-esteem through the establishment of social, political and economic systems and institutions which promote human dignity and respect c) Increasing peoples’ freedom to choose by enlarging the range of their choice variables, e. g. varieties of goods and services

• Development as a concept would imply that there is progress or change for the better in such a way to enhance the security, freedom, dignity, self-reliance and selfdevelopment of groups of people. • This would involve twin concepts of social as well as economic development.

• There has been a realization that development does not just comprise of economic growth or physical infrastructure development, but it should also show in terms of improvements in people’s lives • Three Models of Development: a) Capitalistic Model b) Socialistic Model c) Mixed Model

Approaches of Development • Growth oriented Approach: Based on economic Development • Human Development Approach: Multidimensional approach, includes all aspect of human life Human Development Indicators: a) Life Expectancy at birth b) Literacy rate c) GNP (Purchasing Power)

Human Development • The concept of ‘human development’ was formally launched in 1990 with the publication of Human Development Report by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) • Human development is concerned primarily with the reduction of human deprivation, the creation of human capability, and unleashing processes that enlarge peoples’ choices

• The Human Development Report 1990 defines human development as a process of enlarging people’s choices. • Although these choices are limitless and change over time, three essential choices for people at all stages of development are — to lead a long and healthy life, to acquire knowledge and to have access to resources needed for decent standard of living

Main features • Development must put people at the center of its concerns. • The purpose of development is to enlarge all human choices, not just income. • The human development paradigm is concerned both with building up human capabilities and with using those human capabilities fully • Human development has four essential components: Equity, Sustainability, Productivity and Empowerment.

Sustainable Development “Sustainable development is the development that meets the needs of present without compromising the ability of the future generations to meet their own needs”. It contains within it two key concepts: • The concept of ‘needs’, in particular the essential needs of the world’s poor, to which overriding priority should be given; and • The idea of limitations imposed by the state of technology and social organization on the environment’s ability to meet present and future needs. ”

• According to the classical definition given by the United Nations World Commission on Environment and Development in 1987, development is sustainable if it “meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. ” • “Sustainable” development could probably be otherwise called “equitable and balanced

• The reduction of hunger and poverty in environmentally sound ways. • It includes the meeting of basic needs, expanding economic opportunities, protecting and improving the environment • A process of change in which the resources consumed (both social and ecological) are not depleted to the extent that they cannot be replicated.

• Improving the quality of human life while living within the carrying capacity of supporting ecosystems • Environmentally friendly forms of economic growth activities (agriculture, manufacturing, etc. ) without harming ecosystem

Objectives of SD v. Reviving and changing the quality of growth v. Meeting essential needs for jobs, foods, energy, water and sanitation v. Conserving and enhancing the resource base v. Reorienting technology and managing risk v. Merging environment and economics in decision making v. Making development participatory

Approaches of S. D. • Economic Approach • Ecological Approach • Socio-cultural Approach

Strategies for SD I. Political system that secures effective citizen participation in decision making II. An economic system that is able to generate surpluses and technical knowledge on a self-reliant and sustained basis III. A social system that provides for solutions for the tensions arising from disharmonious development IV. A production system that respects the obligation to preserve the ecological base for development V. A technological system that can search continuously for new solutions