concept of abhav pratinidhi dravya 1 A concept

concept of abhav pratinidhi dravya 1

A concept of Abhav pratinidhi dravya Substitutes Vd. Shweta yaragatti Asst Professor Dept Of Dravyaguna SMVVS RKM AMCH & RESEARCH CENTER Email-shwetayaragatti@gmail. com concept of abhav pratinidhi dravya 2

CONTENTS • Introduction • Need of Abhav pratinidhi Dravya • Qualities of substitutes • List of pratinidhi dravyas • Some examples of different species substitutes • Conclusion concept of abhav pratinidhi dravya 3

INTRODUCTION • The dravya which are used in the replace of original dravya, which are not available are called pratinidhi dravya. • “ Original drug-Abhav drug. , Substitute-Pratinidhi” • Pratinidhi dravya or substitutes means the substances having similar pharmacological activities as that of genuine drug but may not have similar appearance. concept of abhav pratinidhi dravya 4

Cont. . • कद च त दरवयमकम तत तदगणयकतम व य ग यतर न रभत। दरवयम पररवतन घर यत॥ )भ. र. ४/५७( If in the formulation, one drug is not available then instead of that dravya physician can replace another dravya which possess similar quality. This is rational substitution intentionally selected of crude drugs required for medicinal purpose. concept of abhav pratinidhi dravya 5

Cont. . • The concept of substitutes is not new, substitution of herbs are generally acceptable among the Vaidyas due to its time tested references available in Nighantus. • Bhavamishra in the context of abhav dravyas has given detail description of the substitutes for the first time and enumerated number of substitutes in the absence of the original drug. Later it has been repeated in ayurvedic literature by. Yogaratnakar and Bhaishjya Ratnavali. concept of abhav pratinidhi dravya 6

Cont. . • This process is based on Ayurvedic principles, that both the drugs Abhav & pratinidhi should possess similar guna i. e. Rasa panchak and proven on basis of pharmaco-therapeutical activity. concept of abhav pratinidhi dravya 7

Need of Abhav pratinidhi Dravya • Unavailability of the original drug due to geographical or seasonal variations led to its substitutions. • Loss of biodiversity and habitat due to over exploitation. • Expanding human population may also have pushed several species to near extinction. • Extinction of rare plants. • Uncertain identity of the drug. concept of abhav pratinidhi dravya 8

Cont. . • To identify regional substitution • Seasonal availability of the part • Shelf life of the drug, Dravyas like Ativisha (Aconitum heterophyllum wall- Ranunculaceae) which get infected easily by cankers, thus replaced by substitutes. • Usage of other parts of the same drug. e. g. Dashamool concept of abhav pratinidhi dravya 9

Qualities of substitutes • Substitutes should have similar pharmacologically active components like that of genuine drugs. • Should be available easily and in large quantity. • Should be easy to prepare required formulations. concept of abhav pratinidhi dravya 10

List of Pratinidhi dravyas S. No. Abhav Dravya Pratinidhi Dravya 1. Chitraka Danti 2. Chitraka Apamarga kshara 3. Dhanvayasa Duralabha 4. Tagara Kushta 5. Murva Jingini Twak 6. Himsra Manakanda 7. Lakshmana Mayura. Shikha 8. Kula Kalahara 9. Utpala Kumuda concept of abhav pratinidhi dravya 11

Cont. . S. No. Abhav Dravya Pratinidhi Dravya 10. Utapala Padma 11. Jatipushpa Lavang 12. Arka ksheera Arka patra swarasa 13. Pushkar moola Kushta 14. Langali Kushta 15. Chavika Pippalimoola 16. Gajapippali Pippalimoola 17. Somaraji Chakramarda 18. Daruharidra Haridra concept of abhav pratinidhi dravya 12

Cont. . S. No. Abhav Dravya Pratinidhi Dravya 19. Rasanjana Daruharidra kwath 20. Saurashtra mrit Sphatika 21. Talisapatra Swarnatali 22. Bharangi Talisa 23. Bharangi Kantakari moola 24. Ruchaka lavana Pamsu lavana 25. Madhuyasti Dhataki 26. Amlavetasa chukra 27. Draksha Kashmariphala concept of abhav pratinidhi dravya 13

Cont. . S. No. Abhav Dravya Pratinidhi Dravya 28. Kashmariphala Madhuka pushpa 29. Nakha Lavanga kusuma 30. Kasturi Kankola 31. Kankola Jatipushpa 32. karpura Sugandhimusta 33. karpura Granthiparna 34. Kunkuma Kusumbha kusuma 35. Shrikhanda chandana karpura 36. Sweta chandana Rakta chandana concept of abhav pratinidhi dravya 14

Cont. . S. No. Abhav Dravya Pratinidhi Dravya 37. Rakta chandana Navoshira 38. Ativisha Musta 39. Haritaki Amalaki 40. Nagakeshara Padmakeshara 41. Meda & Mahameda Shatavari 42. Jivaka & Rushabaka Vidari kanda 43. Kakoli & Ksheerakakoli Ashwagandha 44. Riddhi & Vriddhi Varahi kanda 45. Varahi Charmakaaralu 46. Bhallataka Rakta chandana 47. Bhallataka Chitraka 48. Ikshu concept of abhav pratinidhi dravya Nala 15

Some examples of different species used as a substitutes S. No. Dravya Original species substitures 1. Vacha Acorus calamus Alpinia galanga 2. Mameera Coptis teeta Thalictrum foliolosum 3. Markandeeka Cassia angustifolia Pluchea lanceolata 4. Jatamamsi Nardostachys jatamansi Valeriana valichi 5. Katuki Picrorrhiza kurroa Gentiana kurroa 6. Sarpagandha Rauwolfia serpentina Rauwolfia tetraphyla 7. Mandukaparni Centella asiatica Hydrocotyle javanica 8. Chandana Santalum album Ximenia americana 9. Sariva Hemidesmus indicus Smilax aspera 10. Apamarga Achyranthusconcept aspera Achyranthus bidentata of abhav pratinidhi dravya 16

Vacha Original drug- Acorus calamus Substitute- Alpinia galanga concept of abhav pratinidhi dravya 17

Mameera Original drug- Coptis teeta Substitute-Thalictrum foliolosum concept of abhav pratinidhi dravya 18

Markandika Original drug- Cassia angustifolia Substitute- Pluchea lanceolata concept of abhav pratinidhi dravya 19

Jatamamsi Original drug- Nardostachys jatamansi Substitute-Valeriana officinalis concept of abhav pratinidhi dravya 20

Katuki Original drug- Picrorrhiza kurroa Substitute-Gentiana kurroa concept of abhav pratinidhi dravya 21

Sarpagandha Original drug-Rauwolfia serpentina Substitute-Rauwolfia tetraphyla concept of abhav pratinidhi dravya 22

Mandukaparni Original drug- Centella asiatica Substitute-Hydrocotyle javanica concept of abhav pratinidhi dravya 23

Chandana Original drug- Santalam album Substitute-ximenia americana concept of abhav pratinidhi dravya 24

Sariva Original drug- Hemidesmus indicus Substitute-Smilax aspera concept of abhav pratinidhi dravya 25

Apamarga Original drug- Achyranthus aspera Substitute-Achyranthus bidentata concept of abhav pratinidhi dravya 26

CONCLUSION • Among all categories of pratinidhi dravyas showed similarity in between their rasa, guna, veerya, vipaka and karma. • Almost all the abhav pratinidhi dravyas are dissimilar taxonomically as they belong to different families of species. • The most important criteria as selection of Pratinidhi seem to be similarity in indications and pharmaco-therapeutic uses. concept of abhav pratinidhi dravya 27

concept of abhav pratinidhi dravya 28