Concept 1 Analyzing Animal Behaviour Campbell Chapter 51

Concept 1: Analyzing Animal Behaviour Campbell - Chapter 51: Animal Behaviour Holtzclaw - pg 275 -277, Questions #51 -55 p. 282 -283 pg. 354 -355, Questions #1 -4 p. 355 -356

Behavioural Ecology Definition: The study of the evolution of and the ecological basis of animal behaviour ◦ Both genetics and environment contribute to behaviour

Behavioural Ecology You must know: ◦ The difference between kinesis and taxis ◦ Various forms of animal behaviour and communication such as orientation behaviour, agnostic behaviour, dominance display, or mating behaviour, and how they are adaptive ◦ The role of altruism and inclusive fitness in kin selection ◦ How to design a controlled experiment

Behavioural Ecology Ethology – the study of animal behaviour ◦ How does it happen? Discovery of proximate causes ◦ Why does it happen? Discovery of ultimate causes ◦ Example: ◦ The honey bee waggle dance! Activity 51. 1

Types of Behaviours Type of Movement Kinesis - random Taxis – directional Is the following isopod exhibiting kinesis or taxis?

Types of Behaviours Innate behaviour ◦ Fixed action pattern (FAP) Ex: male stickleback fish. . . They don’t like red!

Types of Behaviours Imprinting Migration

Types of Behaviours Circadian rhythms Signal ◦ Pheromones Ex: Minnows ◦ Visual Ex: Bee waggle dance ◦ Auditory

Types of Behaviours Learned behaviour ◦ Habitualization ◦ Cognitive mapping ◦ Associative learning Classical conditioning Operant conditioning ◦ Cognition

Selection as an explanation of Behaviour Foraging behaviour ◦ The optimal foraging model Mating systems ◦ Promiscuous ◦ Monogamous ◦ Polygamous

Selection as an explanation of Behaviour Agonistic ◦ Snakes ◦ Chimps ◦ Wolves Behaviours

Selection as an explanation of Behaviour Altruism ◦ Inclusive fitness

How do we Design a Controlled Experiment?

How do we Design a Controlled Experiment? Question Hypothesis ◦ Null Hypothesis ◦ Alternate Hypothesis Experimental ◦ Variables ◦ ◦ ◦ Design Controlled Variables Independent Variable Dependent Variable Controlled Test Large Sample Size Repetition Measurable results Statistical Analysis

Next Class: Checkpoint on Concept 1 ◦ To prepare: Read through Chapter 51 in your gorgeous textbook using the reading strategies Go through the activities using “Campbell Online” Try ‘self quiz’ questions at the end of the chapter or online