Concentrating Solar Power and Desalination Massimo Moser DLR

Concentrating Solar Power and Desalination Massimo Moser DLR German Aerospace Center, Institute of Technical Thermodynamic CSP EXPO - 9 September 2010 Slide 1

Water scarcity – global overview Source: IWMI 2006 Slide 2 Concentrating Solar Power and Desalination – Massimo Moser – 9. 9. 2010 – CSP EXPO

AQUA-CSP scenario for Middle East and North Africa Source: AQUA-CSP 2007 Slide 3 Concentrating Solar Power and Desalination – Massimo Moser – 9. 9. 2010 – CSP EXPO

Matching between water scarcity and global potential for CSP Source: REACCESS 2009 Slide 4 Concentrating Solar Power and Desalination – Massimo Moser – 9. 9. 2010 – CSP EXPO

Conventional Desalination Plant Fossil fuel Power Plant Screening Filtration Desalination Unit Open intake Direct discharge Anti-Scaling Anti-Foaming Anti-Corrosion Chlorine Source: Catalana de Perforacions Slide 5 Concentrating Solar Power and Desalination – Massimo Moser – 9. 9. 2010 – CSP EXPO

Sustainable Desalination Plant CSP collector and thermal storage Power Plant Nano. Filtration Desalination Unit Horizontal drain intake Source: Catalana de Perforacions Multi-port diffuser Source: CORMIX Slide 6 Concentrating Solar Power and Desalination – Massimo Moser – 9. 9. 2010 – CSP EXPO

Reverse Osmosis (RO) Selective membrane Feed water Permeate Separation method which bases on selective membrane: water passage is pressure dependent, while salt passage is constant Required pressure (55 – 70 bar) Concentrate Salinity of product water: < 300 ppm for 1 -stage systems < 50 ppm for 2 -stages plants Relatively high electricity consumption: 3 - 6 k. Wh/m 3 Very specific pre-treatment of feed water required Source: comptonengineering Slide 7 Concentrating Solar Power and Desalination – Massimo Moser – 9. 9. 2010 – CSP EXPO

Multiple effect distillation (MED) Heat source Typical co-generation application Feed water Distillate Brine Bases on multiple evaporation and condensation processes in different stages, which allow for an optimal employment of the available heat for water production High water quality (< 10 ppm) Working temperature: 65 - 80 °C Low internal electricity consumption (< 0. 6 k. Wh/m 3 distillate) Source: ENTROPIE Slide 8 Concentrating Solar Power and Desalination – Massimo Moser – 9. 9. 2010 – CSP EXPO

CSP-RO configuration Electrical interconnection only CSP plant can be located away from the coast Dry-cooling (lower efficiency vs. higher DNI) Slide 9 Concentrating Solar Power and Desalination – Massimo Moser – 9. 9. 2010 – CSP EXPO

CSP-MED configuration Limited to coast Interdependent operation Hot water tank allows for compensation of variations in the turbine thermal output and thus for an almost constant water production Slide 10 Concentrating Solar Power and Desalination – Massimo Moser – 9. 9. 2010 – CSP EXPO

Conclusions Increasing water shortages require a paradigm change in the water sector supply; countermeasures in order to improve efficiency in the water sector have to be taken as soon as possible (drip systems, water distribution and re-use, avoidance of water-intensive crops) However these countermeasures will not be sufficient to cover the water deficit and new water sources have to be tapped Sustainable desalination driven by CSP is a valid option: the energy source is large enough to cope with demand CSP is a proven technology CSP mitigates the risk if energy cost escalation, allows for a flexible plant operation. In the end CSP multi-purpose plants make possible to produce sustainable electricity and water Slide 11 Concentrating Solar Power and Desalination – Massimo Moser – 9. 9. 2010 – CSP EXPO

For more information: www. med-csd-ec. eu www. dlr. de/tt/aqua-csp Thank you! Slide 12 Concentrating Solar Power and Desalination – Massimo Moser – 9. 9. 2010 – CSP EXPO