COMPUTERS In Research Dr Rekha PD Deputy Director

COMPUTERS In Research Dr. Rekha PD Deputy Director, Yenepoya Research Center Coordinator, IPM Cell Yenepoya University

Definition • A computer is a general purpose device that can be programmed to carry out a finite set of arithmetic or logical operations. • Since a sequence of operations can be readily changed, the computer can solve more than one kind of problem.

- and occupy a fraction of the space. [Cloud computing] Simple computers are small enough to fit into mobile devices Mobile computers can be powered by small batteries INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Modern computers based on integrated circuits are millions to billions of times more capable than the early machines

The defining feature of modern computers which distinguishes them from all other machines is that they can be programmed. Programming language.

Features. [Cloud computing] • • • Multitasking Memory Inputs Outputs Networking and the Internet Computers have been used to coordinate information between multiple locations

Networking • In the 1970 s, computer engineers at research institutions throughout the United States began to link their computers together using telecommunications technology.

Network spread beyond academic and military institutions and became known as the Internet. Computer operating systems and applications are modified to include the ability to define and access the resources of other computers on the network, as extensions of the resources of an individual computer.

In 1990 s the spread of applications like email and the World Wide Web, combined with the development of cheap, fast networking technologies computer networking become ubiquitous. Computer here! Computers everywhere! Computer there!

Computers in Research • It is a very useful tool that make the research process easier and faster with accuracy, reliability and fewer errors • It is an integral part of research planning, resource mobilization, communication, visualization and satisfaction • Modeling / informatics/ Data Storage

Computer in Different Phases of Research Defining the Question (Conceptualization) Locating Resources/Gathering Information Forming a Hypothesis/Hypotheses Planning Research Methods

• Collecting Data & Organizing & Analyzing the Data • Interpreting Data & Drawing Conclusions • Communicating the Results

Design and Planning Phase • • • Research Design-Novelty Population Data-Secondary Research Variables-Sample size calculation Sampling Plan-Duration or Frequency Reviewing Research Plan-Parameters for Analysis • Pilot Study

Data collection

• Preparation of data analyses • Data Storage/Analysis (Excel spread sheets, Word, and other specific software sigma plot, Statistica, SPSS) • Data Entry, Data Editing, Data Management and Data recording • Labor Intensive/Requires Statistician or Programmers

Analysis • Data Analyses-Software’s (SPSS, NCSS -PASS, STATA, SYStat etc. ) • Accuracy and Competitiveness of the analyses • Medical record Linkage • Meta Analyses and Systematic Reviews • Modeling and Simulations

Research Dissemination • Locating a Journal • Research Publishing-Word, PDF and others • Online submission and Publication (Manuscript Central/ • Indexing, Impact and Citations • Data Base Development • Website • Research Performance Index

Bibliographic Programs

• For discussion • For sharing the information • Conferences

Social Networking/ Groups • • Groups (Post your Probs/Solution) Tweets Blogs Networks Research Gate: (Post your Problem/solution) Innocentive challenge bulletin Online Journals/resoruces Podcosts/videos/ supplementary information

• FROZEN DATA • Constant Updates