Computers Are Your Future 2006 PrenticeHall Inc Slide

Computers Are Your Future © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc. Slide

Computers Are Your Future Chapter 14 Enterprise Computing © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc 2

Computers Are Your Future Chapter 14 What You Will Learn About ü Enterprise computing ü Business processes and their flow within an organization ü Information systems that are managed in a centralized vs. distributed manner ü The tools that are commonly used in enterprise computing ü Enterprise storage systems ü Electronic data interchange ü Teleconferencing ü Telecommuting and workgroup commuting © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc 3

Computers Are Your Future Chapter 14 Enterprise Computing ü An enterprise is a business organization ü Enterprise computing is the use of technology, information systems, and computers within a business © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc 4

Computers Are Your Future Chapter 14 Business Processes and Activities ü Business processes are activities that have an identifiable output and add value to an organization’s customers ü Information systems are used to give a business a competitive advantage Employees Information Partners Suppliers Customer Enterprise © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc 5

Computers Are Your Future Chapter 14 Enterprise Systems ü Enterprise systems are information systems that allow companies to integrate information across operations on an organization-wide basis ü Enterprise systems: Ø Provide a common information storage area available to all corporate users Ø Help companies find ways to increase goods and services, customer satisfaction, and profitability Ø Are composed of hardware, software, people, and procedures © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc 6

Computers Are Your Future Chapter 14 Enterprise Systems ü Globalization refers to conducting business internationally where the transaction of goods and services is transparent to the consumer © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc 7

Computers Are Your Future Chapter 14 Centralized vs. Distributed Structures Ø Centralized structures are managed by a central IT department Ø Each network entity contains the same software and configuration settings © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc 8

Computers Are Your Future Chapter 14 Centralized vs. Distributed Structures Ø Distributed structures enable each user to customize their technology tools Ø Each network entity contains its own software and configuration settings © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc 9

Computers Are Your Future Chapter 14 Business Processing Reengineering (BPR) ü Business processing reengineering is the use of information technology to bring about major changes and cost savings in an organization © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc 10

Computers Are Your Future Chapter 14 Applying Technology in the Enterprise ü Currency: Ø All technology in an organization is more or less current Ø Technology users have a certain comfort level in using the technology Ø Tension exists between the current system and the most current technology available © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc 11

Computers Are Your Future Chapter 14 Applying Technology in the Enterprise ü Upgrading: Ø Things to consider when upgrading technology: § Impact on the user § Will hardware need to be upgraded? § Cost of the upgrade Ø Centralized structures are easier and less costly to upgrade than distributed structures © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc 12

Computers Are Your Future Chapter 14 Applying Technology in the Enterprise ü Maintenance: Ø Centralized structures are easier and less costly to maintain than distributed structures Ø Users must be trained to use the new technology ü Scalability: Ø How well a hardware or software system can adapt to increased demands © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc 13

Computers Are Your Future Chapter 14 Applying Technology in the Enterprise ü Interoperability: Ø The ability of software and hardware from different vendors to share data Ø All computers on a network can interact seamlessly ü Disaster Recovery Ø A disaster recover plan is a written plan with detailed instructions if something goes wrong © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc 14

Computers Are Your Future Chapter 14 Applying Technology in the Enterprise ü Adding Workstations and Applications: Ø Problems can occur as new workstations and applications are added Ø Single point of failure (SPOF) is when a failure will cause a malfunction in an entire system © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc 15

Computers Are Your Future Chapter 14 Applying Technology in the Enterprise ü Adding a Network: Ø Zero configuration (Zeroconf) is a method used to network devices without requiring configuration © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc 16

Computers Are Your Future Chapter 14 Tools for Enterprise Computing ü Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP): Ø Software that integrates all facets of a business Ø Replaces standalone computer systems with a single unified software program Ø Drawbacks of ERP systems: § One department impacts every department in the organization § Resistance to change § Cost and time in implementing the system may be prohibitive © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc 17

Computers Are Your Future Chapter 14 Tools for Enterprise Computing ü Customer Relationship Management (CRM): Ø Software application that includes all interaction between a company and its customers Ø Computerization has changed the way organizations manage their customers; more of the relationship is being managed electronically ü Sales Force Automation (SFA): Ø Technique of using software to automate sales tasks © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc 18

Computers Are Your Future Chapter 14 Tools for Enterprise Computing ü Extensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL): Ø An XML-based specification for publishing the financial information of an enterprise Ø XML data tags are based on standardized accounting definitions ü Application Service Providers (ASP): Ø Third-party entities that manage and distribute softwarebased services Ø Enterprises can outsource their information technology needs © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc 19

Computers Are Your Future Chapter 14 Tools for Enterprise Computing ü Operational Support System (OSS): Ø A suite of programs that enable an enterprise to monitor, analyze, and manage a network system ü Enterprise Application Integration (EAI): Ø A combination of processes, software, standards, and hardware that integrates two or more enterprise systems Ø Enables sharing of data Ø Four categories of EAI: § § Database linking Applications linking Data warehousing Common virtual system © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc 20

Computers Are Your Future Chapter 14 Enterprise Storage Systems ü Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID): Ø Two or more disk drives used in combination for fault tolerance and performance Ø All information is recorded on both disk drives © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc 21

Computers Are Your Future Chapter 14 Enterprise Storage Systems ü CD/DVD Jukeboxes: Ø Enable storing, managing, accessing, and sharing DVDROMs and CDs ü Network-Attached Storage (NAS): Ø Server dedicated to file sharing Ø Provides data to the user © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc 22

Computers Are Your Future Chapter 14 Enterprise Storage Systems ü Storage Area Network (SAN): Ø High-speed subnetwork of shared storage devices Ø All storage devices are made available to all servers ü Network-Attached Storage (NAS) Ø High performance devices for data and file sharing Ø Only supplies data to users © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc 23

Computers Are Your Future Chapter 14 Enterprisewide Technologies ü Web Portals: Ø Web sites that offer an array of resources and services Ø AOL was one of the first portals Ø The centralized management areas help create consistent business processes ü Electronic Data Interchange (EDI): Ø Involves the transfer of data between different companies using networks Ø Used as a mechanism for companies to buy, sell, and trade information © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc 24

Computers Are Your Future Chapter 14 Enterprisewide Technologies ü Intranet: Ø A network based on TCP/IP protocols accessible only by an organization’s members Ø Used to share information Ø Web-based training (WBT) provides training and/or instruction for employees by way of the Internet or an intranet Ø Computer-based training (CBT) is a type of education in which the student learns by taking special training programs on a computer © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc 25

Computers Are Your Future Chapter 14 Enterprisewide Technologies ü Extranet: Ø Intranet that is accessible to authorized outsiders Ø Allows business partners to share information ü Virtual Private Network (VPN): Ø Network constructed by using public wires to connect nodes Ø Encryption and security measures ensure only authorized users can access the network © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc 26

Computers Are Your Future Chapter 14 Enterprisewide Technologies ü Computer-based training (CBT) form of computerbased education that uses multimedia, animation, and programmed learning ü Web-based training (WBT) is CBT using the Internet or an intranet © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc 27

Computers Are Your Future Chapter 14 Enterprisewide Technologies ü Teleconferencing – two or more people use telecommunication and computers to conduct business activities © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc 28

Computers Are Your Future Chapter 14 Enterprisewide Technologies ü Telecommuting – connecting to the office using telecommunications and computers from home © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc 29

Computers Are Your Future Chapter 14 Enterprisewide Technologies ü Workgroup computing – members of a workgroup have specific hardware and software that enables them to connect, communicate, and collaborate ü Software that provides support for the information needs of work groups is called groupware © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc 30

Computers Are Your Future Chapter 14 Summary • Enterprise computing is the use of technology, information systems, and computers within an organization or business • Business processes are activities that have an identifiable output and add value to an organization’s customers • In a centralized structure, the management of technology is centered in the IT department © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc 31

Computers Are Your Future Chapter 14 Summary (continued) • Tools commonly used in enterprise computing include: ØEnterprise resource planning (ERP) ØCustomer relationship management (CRM) ØSales force automation (SFA) ØExtensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL) ØApplication service providers (ASPs) ØOperational support systems (OSS) ØEnterprise application integration (EAI) • Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID) employs two or more drives in combination for fault tolerance and performance © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc 32

Computers Are Your Future Chapter 14 Summary (continued) • Electronic data exchange is a set of standards that specify how to transfer data and documents using networks • Teleconferencing is conducting business by more than two people separated by distance • An employee who works from home while connected to a business is telecommuting © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc 33