Computer Science Overview CS 21 a Basic Terminologies

Computer Science Overview CS 21 a

Basic Terminologies z. Computer z. Program and Algorithm z. Hardware and Software z. Operating System z. Programming Language z. Compiler

Computer z. Computer yan electronic device that can store, retrieve, and process data through programs z. Parts of a Computer y. Central Processing Unit (CPU) y. Memory y. Input/Output Devices

Program and Algorithm z. Program ya sequence of instructions for a computer z. Algorithm ya sequence of unambiguous instructions designed to perform a given task. y“performing a task” implies that it must terminate and produce output z. Program versus Algorithm

Hardware z. Definition ythe physical components of a computer z. Parts of a Computer Revisited y. CPU: made up of the Control Unit (CU) and the Arithmetic/Logic Unit (ALU) y. Memory: internal data storage y. I/O Devices: presents (output) and accepts (input) data to and from the outside world

Software z. Definition ythe collection of all programs z. Examples of Programs yword processor ybrowser yapplication programs ycompiler yoperating system

Operating System z. Examples y. Windows, DOS, UNIX z. Definition ya program that manages the computer’s resources yresources: devices, programs, and files

Languages and Compilers z. Programming Language ya set of rules, symbols and special words used to construct a program y. Machine Language: a set of binary-coded instructions used directly by the computer z. Compiler ya program that translates a “high-level” program into machine language instructions

History of Computers z 5 Generations y 0 th: the “difference engine” (Babbage) y 1 st: vacuum tube technology (Mark I, ENIAC) y 2 nd: transistors (faster, smaller, more reliable) y 3 rd: integrated circuits (“ICs”) y 4 th: large-scale integration (LSI), VLSI (led to the development of microcomputers)

Computer Science z. Not just “programming” z. A discipline, a science z. Seeks to build a foundation for ycomputer design yprogram development yinformation processing yalgorithmic solutions of problems

Fields in Computer Science z. Software Engineering z. Theory of Computing z. Database Systems z. Computer Architecture z. Operating Systems z. Data Communications and Networking zand a lot more. . .

Software Engineering z. Development of Programs yhow to program (CS 21 a, CS 21 b) z. Systems Analysis and Design ydisciplined activities that precedes programming (CS 165, MIS 121) z. Software Development Phases yengineering concepts apply to developing software (CS 123)

Theory of CS z. Data Structures and Algorithms yanalyze problems, representations, and algorithmic solutions (CS 110) z. Discrete Mathematics yareas where Math and CS meet (CS 101) z. Theory of Computation yformal models of computational solvability (CS 130)

Database Systems z. Database System ya computerized system that maintains information and makes it available on demand z. CS 122 y. Data models and database design y. Data manipulation languages y. Data protection issues: DB integrity, security, concurrency, recovery

Computer Architecture z. CS 150/CS 152 - studies the structure, characteristics and operation of modern day computer systems y. CPU design, function and operation y. Memory organization, I/O architecture y. Pipelining y. CISC, RISC, super-scalar architectures y. Parallel and network architectures

Operating Systems z. CS 161/162 - studies the design and implementation of operating systems and theories and principles used in its development yprocess models, scheduling, synchronization yvirtual memory, caching y. I/O device management yfile systems and structures

Data Communications and Computer Networks z. CS 154 / CS 156 - covers the fundamentals of data communications, computer networking and internetworking y. Data communications y. Network architectures y. Communication protocols y. LAN, MAN, WAN concepts and technologies y. Internet and TCP/IP

Other Fields z. Compiler Design z. Artificial Intelligence z. Computer-Aided Instruction z. Multimedia Systems z. Parallel Processing z. Management Information Systems (MIS part of CS versus CS part of MIS)