Computer Literacy for 3 IC Unit 1 Computing

Objectives n n n Identify categories of computers Identify basic components of a computer

Categories of Computers Common Names Size and Capacity Who Uses It Where It Is

Types of Computers n n n Desktop Laptop Personal Digital Assistant Tablet Computer Workstation

Desktop n n n Sits on, next to, or under an individual user's desk

Laptop n n Also known as a notebook computer Optional battery power Flat panel

Personal Digital Assistant The personal digital assistant, also known as the PDA is helpful

Tablet Computers Like paper, one can take notes anywhere on the page. Like a

Workstations n n Originally used to describe desktop computers with more capabilities Often used

Dumb Terminal n n n No storage Useless if disconnected from the file server

Hardware vs. Software Hardware is a peripheral or physical part of the computer including:

Operating System Programming that controls interactions with the computer’s various parts and the users

Central Processing Unit n n n Allows for mathematical or logical operations Assembles &

Word Size A processor works with binary numbers that consists of zeros and ones

Clock Speed Another measure of the speed of a processor n Processors perform actions

Memory and Storage n n Primary storage – for data being processed Secondary storage

Secondary Storage – Devices where data can be stored for later use Three main

Input and Output Devices n n Input – transferring data into the computer Output

Text and Numbers n. ASCII & Unicode are the standards n. Limited by the

Pictures and Sound Pictures n Patterns of dots n Dots are known as pixels

Summary n n Learned how to categorize computers based on their capacity and use

End-of-Project Exercises n n n Multiple Choice Discussion Skill Drill q Finding storage capacity

Questions? Copyright © 2006 Prentice-Hall. All rights reserved. 23

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Categories of Computers Common Names Size and Capacity Who Uses It Where It Is Used Intended Use Pocket computer Personal Notebook computer Personal Laptop Tablet (in some cases) Microcomputer Personal Desktop Workstation Minicomputer Organization Web or file server Mainframe computer Organization Web or file server Supercomputer Organization PDA Table 1. 1 Copyright © 2006 Prentice-Hall. All rights reserved. 3

Personal Digital Assistant The personal digital assistant, also known as the PDA is helpful when making appointments or keeping important business information. Copyright © 2006 Prentice-Hall. All rights reserved. 7

Tablet Computers Like paper, one can take notes anywhere on the page. Like a binder, one can organize sections. The tablet computer is lightweight, with a large, high-resolution screen, hard disk and built-in QWERTY keypad. Copyright © 2006 Prentice-Hall. All rights reserved. 8

Workstations n n Originally used to describe desktop computers with more capabilities Often used when referring to any PC at an organization that is connected to the company's network Copyright © 2006 Prentice-Hall. All rights reserved. 9

Hardware vs. Software Hardware is a peripheral or physical part of the computer including: Software is a program or application that runs on the computer. n. Monitors n n. Printers n n. Drives n n. Keyboards n Copyright © 2006 Prentice-Hall. All rights reserved. Word Excel Power. Point Front. Page 11

Operating System Programming that controls interactions with the computer’s various parts and the users Types of Operating Systems: q q Mac OS Windows UNIX Linux Copyright © 2006 Prentice-Hall. All rights reserved. 12

Central Processing Unit n n n Allows for mathematical or logical operations Assembles & processes information Integrated with millions of components Copyright © 2006 Prentice-Hall. All rights reserved. 13

Word Size A processor works with binary numbers that consists of zeros and ones n. Each digit is called a bit n. Eight bits equal a byte n. Word Size equals the maximum number of bits the CPU can handle at one time n. Larger word size = faster processor (more calculations per second) Copyright © 2006 Prentice-Hall. All rights reserved. 14

Clock Speed Another measure of the speed of a processor n Processors perform actions with each pulse of the system clock n Clock pulses are measured in Hertz (One pulse per second equals one Hertz) n 1 Gigahertz = 1 billion pulses per second Copyright © 2006 Prentice-Hall. All rights reserved. 15

Memory and Storage n n Primary storage – for data being processed Secondary storage – for results of processing Read-only memory (ROM) n. Factory programmed with instructions n. Normally used at startup Random access memory (RAM) n Temporary storage for programs Copyright © 2006 Prentice-Hall. All rights reserved. 16

Secondary Storage – Devices where data can be stored for later use Three main types: n. Magnetic media – floppy disk n. Optical media – compact disc n. Flash memory – used with digital cameras Copyright © 2006 Prentice-Hall. All rights reserved. 17

Input and Output Devices n n Input – transferring data into the computer Output – sending the information out Common input devices: n. Keyboard & Mouse n. Bar Code reader Common output devices: n. Monitor n. Printer Copyright © 2006 Prentice-Hall. All rights reserved. 18

Text and Numbers n. ASCII & Unicode are the standards n. Limited by the number of binary numbers used q q ASCII = 8 bit Unicode = 32 bit n. Standard prefixes used to denote multiples of the same unit International System of Units (SI) Multiplier Kilo Mega Size 1, 000, 000 Giga 1, 000, 000 Tera 1, 000, 000 Table 1. 4 Copyright © 2006 Prentice-Hall. All rights reserved. 19

Pictures and Sound Pictures n Patterns of dots n Dots are known as pixels Sound n Assigns numbers to the volume and pitch n Converts analog sounds into a series of binary numbers Copyright © 2006 Prentice-Hall. All rights reserved. 20

Summary n n Learned how to categorize computers based on their capacity and use Learned to identify the basic components of a computer and how to measure the speed and capacity of a computer Learned how to describe the flow of information through the basic parts of a computer when it performs common tasks and identify the relationships between different types of computers in an organization Extended your learning by reviewing concepts and terms, and by practicing variations of skills presented in the lessons Copyright © 2006 Prentice-Hall. All rights reserved. 21

End-of-Project Exercises n n n Multiple Choice Discussion Skill Drill q Finding storage capacity of a folder in your hard drive q Finding shared storage Challenge q Determining the processor, clock speed, and RAM q Apply what you have learned to an advertisement for a computer Discovery Zone q Using the Help and Support Center to learn about removable storage q Learning about memory, processors, and disk drives q Learning about sharing folders q Finding the hard disk capacity using Apple OS or Linux Copyright © 2006 Prentice-Hall. All rights reserved. 22