COMPUTER ASSISTED LANGUAGE LEARNING CALL Wat is CALL

COMPUTER ASSISTED LANGUAGE LEARNING (CALL) Wat is CALL? History of CALL Type of CALL FITRIA ULFA 12267/2009 K. 1 Advantages of CALL Activity in CALL Source: -Journal of Language and Linguistics Studies : Vol. 1, No. 2, Oct 2005 -CALL article by T. Ravichandran

• Computer-assisted language learning (CALL) is a form of computer-based learning which carries two important features: individualized learning bidirectional learning

• CALL is also a method in teaching and learning process using computer as the presentation media. Call can be used to reinforce what has been learned in the classrooms. • CALL may be defined as "the search for and study of applications of the computer in language teaching and learning”. Levy

• It is a term used by teachers and students to describe the use of computers as part of a language course. (Hardisty & Windeatt: 1989). It is traditionally described as a means of presenting, reinforcing and testing' particular language items • Computer-mediated communication (CMC) is defined as any communicative transaction that occurs through the use of two or more networked computers.

History of CALL Delcloque, 2000 Integrative/ explorative CALL Classic CALL Communicative CALL

Classic Call invented 1960 & 1970 implemented Since the early days CALL has developed into a symbiotic relationship between the development of technology and pedagogy

Communicative CALL 1970 s-1980 s tive a c i n u mm o c n o Based h approac

Integrative/ Explorative CALL Tutorial purposes Tries to address these criticisms by integrating the teaching of language skills into tasks or projects to provide direction and coherence

Davies and Higgins (1985) • • • Text Adventures Games Cloze Text manipulation Exploratory programs • Writing - wordprocessing • Gap-filling exercises • Multiple-choice exercises • Free-format exercises: CLEF, Testmast er • Tutorial programs: CLEF • Re-ordering: Word Sequencing, Textsalad • Simulations

Types of CALL programs identified by Jones & Fortescue (1987) Grammar Vocabulary Reading skills Authoring programs Writing - wordprocessing • Oral skills - using simulations and adventures • • • as a stimulus: London Adventure • Listening skills: Getting the Message interactive videodisc • Information source • Discovery and exploration: Loan (v. Higgi ns & Johns 1984: 73 f. )

What are the purposes of CALL? • It is a tool that helps teachers to facilitate language learning process. CALL can be used to reinforce what has been learned in the classrooms. It can also be used as remedial to help learners with limited language proficiency. • Development of language learners’ four skills (listening, speaking, reading and writing).

What are the advantages of CALL? • • Motivation Adapting learning to the student Authenticity Critical thinking skills

Motivation and attitudes · CALL provides strong motivation for learning. Students will often do on a computer what they are reluctant to do in a textbook or paperpencil. · Some CALL features such as graphics, sounds, animation, video, audio are interesting and motivating for many learners. · CALL can improve learners’ attitudes towards learning English. · CALL (internet) provides authentic communication that motivates students to use language outside language classroom.

Adapting Learning to the Students • CALL can adapt to the learners' abilities and preferences. • CALL can adapt to the learners’ cognitive and learning styles. • CALL can adapt to the learner’s self-paced learning. CALL can be used for remedial work for slow learners and to accelerate learning for fast learners. • CALL offers individualized and private learning. • CALL, with branching capability, provides choices and paths for learning, allowing learners to work independently. • CALL allows learners to control their own learning process and progress.

Authenticity • · CALL (e. g. games and puzzles) creates information gaps which provide learners a need to communicate or interact with each other or with the program. • · CALL (e. g. e-mail, chat, moos) promotes direct communicative skills for the learners. • · CALL (e. g. e-mail, chat, moos) provides authentic, real communication with native speakers of English outside the classroom.

Critical thinking skills Feedback and progress record • CALL can provide immediate responsiveness and feedback. • CALL provides accurate records of the learner’s performance and progress. Mastery learning • CALL provides opportunities for mastery-learning language skills. • · CALL can lower the amount of time required to master some materials. • Co-operative learning • · CALL (e. g. simulation games) encourages learners to work cooperatively in problem solving. • · CALL allows learners to learn cooperatively as a result of working together (such as group works, and discussion. )

Activities in CALL (computer Aided Language Learning) Ø Game play Ø simulating conversation Ø building language learning games out of existing games Ø training for tonal languages Ø heterogeneous sensors for speech recognition Ø articulator feedback Ø use of TV shows or movies to create content Ø singing

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