Computer Architecture Lecture 1 Basic Structure of Computer
Computer Architecture Lecture – 1 Basic Structure of Computer
Reference Materials Computer Organization and Design (third edition) David A. Patterson John L. Hennessy Computer Organization (fifth edition) Carl Hamacher Zvonko Vranesic Safwat Zaky Class Lectures 9/18/2021
Syllabus Computer Structure/Architecture Operation of Instruction set Execution Pipelining 9/18/2021 Rafaqat Alam Khan, Lecturer, Lead
Introduction Definition of C. A. : The Architecture of a computer can be defined as the design of the task-performing part of it. It also includes the overall fundamental working 1 principle of the internal logical structure 2 of a computer system. So, computer architecture includes : 1. Instruction set architecture 2. Machine architecture 9/18/2021 Rafaqat Alam Khan, Lecturer, Lead
Introduction Objectives of a Computer architect: To select, design, interconnect and engineer hardware components of various levels of computer that meet functional performance and programmability maintaining cost and availability constraint. So, the total coordination of abstract levels of a processor under changing forces, involving design, measurement and evaluation is within the objectives of a computer architect. 9/18/2021 Rafaqat Alam Khan, Lecturer, Lead
Instruction set Architecture Instruction set architecture is the attributes of a computing system as seen by the assembly language programmer or compiler. This includes : Instruction Set (what operations can be performed? ) Instruction Format (how are instructions specified? ) 9/18/2021 Rafaqat Alam Khan, Lecturer, Lead
Instruction set Architecture Data storage (where is data located? ) Addressing Modes (how is data accessed? ) Exceptional Conditions (what happens if something goes wrong? ) 9/18/2021 Rafaqat Alam Khan, Lecturer, Lead
Machine Architecture Machine organization is the view of the computer that is seen by the logic designer. This includes : Capabilities & performance characteristics of functional units (e. g. , registers, ALU, shifters, etc. ). Ways in which these components are interconnected How information flows between components 9/18/2021 Rafaqat Alam Khan, Lecturer, Lead
Machine Architecture Logic and means by which such information flow is controlled Coordination of functional units Typically the machine organization is designed to meet a given instruction set architecture. However, in order to design good instruction sets, it is important to understand the how the architecture might be implemented. 9/18/2021 Rafaqat Alam Khan, Lecturer, Lead
Structure : Functional Units : A computer consists of 3 main functionally independent units : 1. Input/output(I/O) unit 2. Memory 3. Processor 9/18/2021 The I/O unit and the processor is again subdivided into 2 parts. Rafaqat Alam Khan, Lecturer, Lead
Structure : Functional Units The 2 parts of I/O unit : 1. Input 2. Output The 2 parts of processor: 1. Arithmetic and Logic unit 2. Control unit So, there are main 5 functional units of a computer. 9/18/2021 Rafaqat Alam Khan, Lecturer, Lead
Functional Units Arithmetic and logic Input Memory Output Control I/O Processor Functional units of a computer. 9/18/2021 Rafaqat Alam Khan, Lecturer, Lead
References Class Lecture 9/18/2021 Rafaqat Alam Khan, Lecturer, Lead
- Slides: 13