COMPUTER ANIMATIONS AND VIRTUAL EXPERIMENTS Production and Usage

COMPUTER ANIMATIONS AND VIRTUAL EXPERIMENTS (Production and Usage of Animations and Demonstrations) Prof. A. Ramachandraiah Department of Chemistry NIT Warangal archem@nitw. ac. in 8332969504

RESOURCES INTERNET • YOU TUBE (www. youtube. com ) • CURRENT TV (www. current. com ) • TED (www. ted. com ) • BIG THINK (www. bigthink. com) • http: //www. rkm. com. au/animations. html • http: //www. learnerstv. com • www. science-animations. com http: //www. openculture. com/science_videos Academic Institutes/Organsations (IIT Bombay) • https: //www. iitbombayx. in/courses/TISS/SKANI 101 x/2 015 -16/about • https: //www. edx. org/school/iitbombayx • www. vlab. co. in

ANIMATION SOFTWARE • AUTOCAD • FLASH • TOON BOON HARMONY • BLENDER • INKSCAPE • PENCIL • PIVOT • MS POWERPOINT • TRACKER

TIME -ve +ve POSITION VECTOR VELOCITY ACCELERATION

WHAT IS AN ANIMATION? POSITIONAL DISPLACEMENT OF VISUALLY OBSERVABLE VIRTUAL POINTS IN SPACE AND TIME A VIRTUAL REALITY

COGNITION AND THE FIVE SENSES Memorable CLASS ROOM LEARNING Knowledge (Retractable) 30 60 10 Instant Knoweldge (Non-Retractable)

COGNITION AND THE FIVE SENSES Memorable Knoweldge (Retractable) FIELD TRANSDUCTION Instant Knoweldge (Non-Retractable) MATERIAL TRANSDUCTION

TRAJECTORIES

The Atom

A NATURAL LAW ATOMS IN A MOLECULES ARE JOINED BY ELECTRON CLOUD OVERLAPPING WEAK MEDIUM STRONG

*3 s 3 s *2 s 2 s 2 s *1 s 1 s 1 s

SOCIETY SCIENCE

Factors Affecting the Conductance • Electrophoretic Effect

How Would Thomson’s Gold Leaf Work Many Should Rebound Alpha Particles Gold Leaf Note: Color and velocity varied for the alpha particles to indicate marking Detector

How Rutherford’s Gold Leaf Worked Alpha Particles Gold Leaf Note: Color and velocity varied for the alpha particles to indicate marking Detector

ANODIC STRIPPING VOLTAMMETRY TIME P O T E N T I A L

z y x N S

N S

E= 2 mc

ANNIHILATION 2 h = (me- + me+ ) c 2

ANNIHILATION Electron y a a R m m a G y a R a m m Ga Positron

PAIR PRODUCTION Electron Gamma Ray Positron

PAIR PRODUCTION Electron Magnetic Field Gamma Ray Positron

PAIR PRODUCTION

PAIR PRODUCTION

Annihilation and Pair Production 2 h = (me- + me+ ) c 2 (me- + me+ ) =2 h / c 2

Length (l) Area of Cross Section (A)

Lithium Ion Battery L O A D Li. C 6/Lix. C 6 Li. X Li 1 -x. Co. O 2 / Li. Co. O 2 C 6 Lix → 6 C + x Li+ + x e− Li 1−x Co. O 2 + x Li+ + xe− → Li. Co. O 2 DURING DISCHARGING

Lithium Ion Battery Lix. C 6 / Li. C 6 Li. X Li. Co. O 2 / Li 1 -x. Co. O 2 6 C + x Li+ + x e− → C 6 Lix Li. Co. O 2 → Li 1−x Co. O 2 + x Li+ + xe− DURING CHARGING

FORMATION OF n-TYPE SEMI-CONDUCTOR VACANT CONDUCTION BAND ELECTRON-RICH DOPE FILLED VALENCE BAND

FORMATION OF VOLTAIC CELL FROM A p-n JUNCTION n- TYPE SEMICONDUCTOR p- TYPE SEMICONDUCTOR

FUNCTIONING OF A PHOTO-VOLTAIC CELL FROM A p-n JUNCTION n- TYPE SEMICONDUCTOR LOAD ELECTRONIC EXCITATION RADIATION p- TYPE SEMICONDUCTOR

Cell Potential Ecell ± ± ±

PERIODICITY EFFECTS

A HETERO DIATOMIC MOLECULE AS A HARMONIC OSCILLATOR Equilibrium Distance A A

ASSYMMETRIC STRETCH 112596 GHz SYMMETRIC STRETCH 109475 GHz BENDING 47817 GHz

H 2 O 3756 cm-1 112596 GHz Period 8. 88 x 10 -15 s 3652 cm-1 1595 cm-1 109475 GHz 47817 GHz

Ev = [v+1/2]h V=3 Ev = 7/2 h Ev = 5/2 h V=2 V=1 V=0 Ev = 3/2 h Ev = 1/2 h

4 3 2 1

Energy Emitter Particle of the Medium

ELECTROMAGNETIC λ RADIATION λ

ELECTROMAGNETIC λ RADIATION λ

ELECTROMAGNETIC λ RADIATION λ

ELECTROMAGNETIC λ RADIATION λ

3 x 105 km/sec

SOCIETY SCIENCE

TEMPORAL AND TRANSIENT EFFECTS

1. 0 N Na. OH 3 s A 6 s B

6 to 12 Volt dc Ammeter i V Voltmeter Motor M+n + ne- M (deposited) Tall-form Beaker Pt. Anode Pt. Gauge cathode

CONCENTRATION PROFILE

CONCENTRATION PROFILE

FLASHES AND APPEARANCE EFFECTS

CLOCK REACTION

H 2 SO 4 + KI COLOURLESS Hypo + Starch COLOURLESS MOVING BOUNDARY

3 -D Stereo Image Perception through Analgyph Spectacles