COMPRESSED BARYONIC MATTER AT FAIR HOW THE CBM

COMPRESSED BARYONIC MATTER AT FAIR & HOW THE CBM AND HADES COLLABORATIONS WANT TO CONTRIBUTE Joachim Stroth Goethe University Frankfurt / GSI FAIR-France Orsay, France, May 2017

The QCD phase diagram Open questions: o Origin of mass? o Nature of confinement? o Role of condensates? o Lattice QCD Ø sign problem o Experiment Ø finite size and lifetime Courtesy of K. Fukushima & T. Hatsuda FAIR FRANCE. Compressed Baryonic Matter, Orsay, France - Joachim Stroth May 17 -18, 2017 2

CBM - “nomen est omen” - Cloudy Bag Model ; ) • What does it take, to force the quarks forming a giant bubble? Chiral Perturbation Theory: o Provides prediction for chiral order parameter a. f. o. baryon density o Sees strong repulsion (at low to moderate temperatures. J. W. Holt, M. Rho, W. Weise ar. Xiv 1411. 6681 FAIR FRANCE. Compressed Baryonic Matter, Orsay, France - Joachim Stroth May 17 -18, 2017 3

HADES contribution to the energy scan (+ FAIR Phase-0) VDM in radiative baryon-resonance decays π- p Regeneration of resonances! ρ γ* n “Thermal” production rates of strange hadrons. Higher moments of (net-)proton e-b-e multiplicity HADES preliminary FAIR FRANCE. Compressed Baryonic Matter, Orsay, France - Joachim Stroth May 17 -18, 2017 4

Heavy-ion collisions at SIS 100 energies o Nearly complete stopping leads to baryon-rich matter in the overlap zone. 5 A Ge. V o Generally shorter lifetime and larger densities as beam energy goes from 1 to 10 A Ge. V. o Substantial ‘heating’ of the pion cloud. 10 A Ge. V I. C. Arsene et al. , Phys. Rev. C 75, 24902 (2007) FAIR FRANCE. Compressed Baryonic Matter, Orsay, France - Joachim Stroth May 17 -18, 2017 5

Physics addressed by CBM The QCD Equation-of-State o o Collective behavior (flow) Multi-strange baryons Search for novel phases and 1 st order phase transition o o e-b-e observables (higher-moments) Excitation function of hadron multiplicities and virtual photons Path to restoration of chiral symmetry o High-precision invariant mass distributions low- and intermediate mass range Strange matter o o (Double-) lambda hyper-nuclei Meta-stable objects (e. g. strange di-baryons) Charm production (and propagation) at threshold o o Open-charm in pp, p. A Backward production in p. A (Rp. A) … and likely any new idea to come FAIR FRANCE. Compressed Baryonic Matter, Orsay, France - Joachim Stroth May 17 -18, 2017 6

Virtual photons as diagnostic tool for the phase diagram Yield in low-mass window tracks fireball lifetime: CBM simulations Au+Au 20 A Ge. V o Measure excitation function of r spectral function. o Search for anomalous fireball lifetime around phase transition & CP. Intermediate mass slope: , o Measure Tslope (note, T slope < Tinitial) ”caloric curve” o Plateau around onset of deconfinement? (see e. g. M. D’Agostino et al. NPA 749 (2005) 5533) : If nature was kind! FAIR FRANCE. Compressed Baryonic Matter, Orsay, France - Joachim Stroth May 17 -18, 2017 7

The CBM strategy … Modern CMOS camera. . . Galilei‘s telescope. . . and a picture you can take witht on any clear night‘s sky. . and his drawing of the moon. 8

…. [ CMOS in CBM ] …. CBM micro vertex detector (MVD) will use MAPS. o More than 10 years of joint R&D activity with Marc Winter’s group (ILC, STAR, ALICE, CBM). o Ø Ø Ø Background suppression for di-electron measurements Determination of secondary vertices of open charm decays (τ = 10 -12 -10 -13 s) Improved tracking for hyperon-ID FAIR FRANCE. Compressed Baryonic Matter, Orsay, France - Joachim Stroth May 17 -18, 2017 9

… and the challenges. Ø needs extremely high rates and precision! high net-baryon densities AGS e+eμ+μ- FAIR FRANCE. Compressed Baryonic Matter, Orsay, France - Joachim Stroth 10

The CBM strategy o o o o 105 - 107 Au+Au reactions/sec determination of displaced vertices (σ 50 m) identification of leptons and hadrons fast and radiation hard detectors and FEE free-streaming readout electronics high speed data acquisition and online event selection 4 -D event reconstruction

p+p, p+A A+A (low mult. ) Dipol Magnet Micro Vertex Detector Muon Detector DAQ/FLES HPC cluster Transition Radiation Detector Time of Flight Detector Projectile Spectator Detector Experimental requirements HADES Ring Silicon Imaging Tracking Cherenkov System

DAQ/FLES HPC cluster Hyperons and hypernuclei in central Au+Au collisions at 10 A Ge. V ΛK- Projectile Spectator Detector Hadron measurements Silicon Tracking Dipol Magnet System Time of Flight Detector

Time of Flight Detector Micro Vertex Detector DAQ/FLES HPC cluster Hyperons with neutral daughtern central Au+Au collisions at 10 A Ge. V Projectile Spectator Detector Hadron measurements Dipol Magnet Silicon Tracking System

Time of Flight Detector Micro Vertex Detector DAQ/FLES HPC cluster Open Charmn p+A 30 Ge. V and Ni+Ni 15 A Ge. V FAIR FRANCE. Compressed Baryonic Matter, Orsay, France - Joachim Stroth Projectile Spectator Detector May 17 -18, 2017 Open charm measurements Silicon Tracking Dipol Magnet System 15

Transition Radiation Detector e+e. DAQ/FLES HPC cluster Dileptonsn central Au+Au collisions at 8 A Ge. V Time of Flight Detector Projectile Spectator Detector Di-electron measurements Silicon Tracking Ring Dipol Imaging Magnet System Cherenkov Micro Vertex Detector

Dipol Magnet Transition Radiation Detector Muon Detector DAQ/FLES HPC cluster Di-muonsn central Au+Au collisions at 8 A Ge. V and 10 A Ge. V (J/ψ) η ω Projectile Spectator Detector µ+µφ ρ Time of Flight Detector J/ψ µ+µ- Di-muon measurements Silicon Tracking System

CBM FAIR Phase-0 experiments 1. Read out RICH-UV@HADES o Install, commission and use 430 out of 1100 CBM 430 MAPMTs RICH multi-anode photo-multipliers (MAPMT) n HADES RICH photon detector 2. TOF@STAR BES-II o Install, commission and use 10% of the CBM TOF Exist. RICH 100 cm modulesncluding read-out chain at STAR/RHIC (BES II 2019/2020) collider vertex (~250 cm) fixed target pos. (~500 cm) CBM MRPC active area CBM electronics FAIR FRANCE. Compressed Baryonic Matter, Orsay, France - Joachim Stroth May 17 -18, 2017 18

CBM FAIR Phase-0 experiments 3. CBM AT JINR (BM@N) o Install, commission and use 4 Silicon tracking layers and the Project Spectator as forward detector Nuclotronn JINR/Dubna o (Au-beams up to 4. 5 A Ge. Vn 2018/19) 4. m. CBM at SIS 18 o Full system test with high-rate nucleus- nucleus collisions from 2017 – 2020 and no magnetic field, system test only o SIS 18 beams FAIR FRANCE. Compressed Baryonic Matter, Orsay, France - Joachim Stroth May 17 -18, 2017 19

Upgrades until 2018 ECAL: Electromag. calorimeter replacing the pre-shower RICH-UV: MAPMT UV photon readout for the RICHn cooperation with CBM. STS: Forward straw trackers for exclusive reconstructionn cooperation with PANDA F-TOF: Time-of-flight behind the STS to provide momentum. MDC-FEE: Multi-hit high bandwidth driftchamber readout. DAQ-200 (2019) Readout with 200 k. Hz FAIR FRANCE. Compressed Baryonic Matter, Orsay, France - Joachim Stroth May 17 -18, 2017 20

Mini-drift Chambers Upgrade Adapt the HADES tracking system to the expected intensities & occupancies at SIS 100 o Aging prevention: Inert gas mixture Ar/CO 2 o FEE upgrade: provide multi-hit TDC and increase bandwidth

HADES Program o Electromagnetic structure of baryonsn the time-like region o Strangenessn (baryonic, non-strange) resonances o Excitation spectrum of strange resonance SIS 18 o Microscopic structure of dense and hot matter o Signs for exotic properties of dense baryonic matter HADES High-rate, large acceptance spectrometer; Dileptons; Forward Detection System; EM calorimeter!

Next steps 2018 -2022 FAIR Phase-0 o Continuation of measurements with HADES o Contribution to the STAR BES-II (Emphasis on fixed target program) and BM@N o Start training First Level Event Selection at m. CBM in 2024 Start of CBM Operation o First SIS 100 beam on CBM Target o HADES at SIS 100 for reference measurements (mainly p. A) 2025 on Design Operation of FAIR FRANCE. Compressed Baryonic Matter, Orsay, France - Joachim Stroth May 17 -18, 2017 23

The CBM Collaboration: 58 institutions, 496 members Croatia: Germany: Split Univ. Darmstadt TU FAIR Frankfurt Univ. IKF Frankfurt Univ. FIAS Frankfurt Univ. ICS GSI Darmstadt Giessen Univ. Heidelberg Univ. P. I. Heidelberg Univ. ZITI HZ Dresden-Rossendorf KIT Karlsruhe Münster Univ. Tübingen Univ. Wuppertal Univ. ZIB Berlin China: CCNU Wuhan Tsinghua Univ. USTC Hefei CTGU Yichang Czech Republic: CAS, Rez Techn. Univ. Prague France: IPHC Strasbourg Hungary: KFKI Budapest Univ. FAIR FRANCE. Compressed Baryonic Matter, Orsay, France - Joachim Stroth India: Aligarh Muslim Univ. Bose Inst. Kolkata Panjab Univ. Rajasthan Univ. of Jammu Univ. of Kashmir Univ. of Calcutta B. H. Univ. Varanasi VECC Kolkata IOP Bhubaneswar IIT Kharagpur IIT Indore Gauhati Univ. Korea: Pusan Nat. Univ. Poland: AGH Krakow Jag. Univ. Krakow Silesia Univ. Katowice Warsaw Univ. Warsaw TU Romania: NIPNE Bucharest Univ. Bucharest Russia: IHEP Protvino INR Troitzk ITEP Moscow Kurchatov Inst. , Moscow LHEP, JINR Dubna LIT, JINR Dubna MEPHI Moscow Obninsk Univ. PNPI Gatchina SINP MSU, Moscow St. Petersburg P. Univ. Ioffe Phys. -Tech. Inst. St. Pb. Ukraine: T. Shevchenko Univ. Kiev Inst. Nucl. Research May 17 -18, 2017 24

The HADES Collaboration o Institute of Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia o LIP-Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas , Coimbra, Portugal o Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University of Cracow, Poland o GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung Gmb. H, Darmstadt, Germany o Technische Universität Darmstadt, Germany o Institut für Strahlenphysik, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany o Joint Institute of Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia FAIR FRANCE. Compressed Baryonic Matter, Orsay, France - Joachim Stroth o Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt, Germany o Excellence Cluster 'Origin and Structure of the Universe' , Garching, Germany o Physik Department E 62, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany o II. Physikalisches Institut, Justus Liebig Universität Giessen, Germany o Forschungszentrum Juelich, Germany o Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow, Russia o Department of Physics, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus o Institut de Physique Nucléaire, CNRS-IN 2 P 3, Univ. Paris. Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay Cedex, France o Nuclear Physics Institute, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Rez, Czech Republic o Lab. CAF. F. Física, Univ. de Santiago de Compostela, Spain o Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Germany May 17 -18, 2017 25