Compounds Equations When two or more atoms join

Compounds & Equations

• When two or more atoms join together and act as an independent molecules unit, they are called_______. • When two or more elements join together in a chemical bond, they compound become a __________.

• Example: Na. Cl Na (Sodium) + Cl (Chlorine) Na. Cl (Sodium Chloride)

• Compounds cannot be physically _______ separated. • A compound is a new substance _______ that is different from each of the individual elements that make it up.

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Compound Names • Read names for most chemical formulas left to right. • Many compound names add the endings –ate or –ide to the last element. • Some compounds add a prefix to an element name that says how many atoms of each element are in the compound. – CO is carbon monoxide – CO₂ is carbon dioxide

Match the chemical name with the chemical formula… Carbon monoxide Zn. Cl Carbon dioxide H₂O₂ Sodium chloride CO₂ Hydrogen peroxide CO Zinc chloride Na. Cl

Types of Bonds - Challenge share • Covalent Bonds – atoms _____ one or more pairs of valence (outermost) electrons. – Happens between two nonmetals. – Can share more than one pair of electrons. – The more shared pairs, the stronger the bond. – Ex. H₂O - water

lose gain or _______ • Ionic Bonds – atoms ______ electrons – Between a metal and a nonmetal – Ex. Na. Cl – salt • Sodium loses a valance electron making it a positive ion. • Chlorine gains an electron which makes it a negative ion. • Both atoms are now stable and attracted to each other.

• Metallic Bonds – two or more metals pooled valence electrons. share ____ – Ex. Aluminum – Pooled electron sharing enables metals to be malleable and ductile.

Drawing molecules: • The smaller the atomic number, the smaller the atom. Ex. Helium is smaller than Zinc.

Gases • Oxygen O 2 • Nitrogen N 2 • Hydrogen H 2 • Carbon dioxide • Carbon monoxide • Sulfur dioxide CO 2 CO SO 2 • Nitrogen dioxide NO 2 • Nitrogen monoxide (nitric oxide) NO • Dinitrogen oxide (nitrous oxide) N 2 O • Chlorine Cl 2 • Hydrogen chloride HCl • Ammonia NH 3 Acids • Hydrochloric acid • Sulfuric acid • Nitric acid • Phosphoric acid • Carbonic acid HCl H 2 SO 4 HNO 3 H 3 PO 4 H 2 CO 3 Bases • Sodium hydroxide Na. OH • Potassium hydroxide KOH • Calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2 Salts • Sodium chloride • Sodium carbonate • Calcium sulfate • Ammonium sulfate • Potassium nitrate Na. Cl Na 2 CO 3 Ca. SO 4 (NH 4)2 SO 4 KNO 3