Compound and Complex Sentence Structures Introduction to Academic

Compound and Complex Sentence Structures Introduction to Academic English Sentence Structure (www. c 8. alamy. com, n. d. ) IAE: T. Graham

Three Sentence Types 1. Simple (1 subject + 1 verb) I enjoy swimming. subject verb 2. Compound (2 subjects + 2 verbs) I enjoy swimming, but I do not enjoy running. subject verb 3. Complex (2 subjects and 2 verbs) While I enjoy swimming, I do not enjoy running. subject IAE: T. Graham verb subject verb

Compound Sentences join two independent clauses. Independent Clauses are clauses that can stand on their own: Ø I enjoy swimming. Ø I do not enjoy running. Dependent Clauses are clauses that cannot stand on their own: Ø While I enjoy swimming, … Ø Because I do not enjoy running, … IAE: T. Graham

Compound Sentences join two independent clauses using a coordinating conjunction: I enjoy swimming, but I do not enjoy running. for and nor but or (FANBOYS) IAE: T. Graham yet so

Compound Sentences You can create compound sentences by joining two independent clauses in three ways: I enjoy swimming, but I do not enjoy running. comma + coordinating conjunction (FANBOYS word) I enjoy swimming; I do not enjoy running. semicolon (this does NOT work with clauses that can be connected with ‘or’) I enjoy swimming; however, I do not enjoy running. semicolon + linking word + comma IAE: T. Graham

Compound Sentences: Practice (worksheet page 1) Create compound sentences by joining the given independent clauses using the following forms: a) comma + coordinating conjunction (FANBOYS word) b) semicolon (remember: this cannot be used in some cases) c) semicolon + linking word Note: You may need to change or omit certain words when joining clauses together. IAE: T. Graham

Compound Sentences: Practice (worksheet page 1) 1. The UAE is located in the Arabian Gulf. The UAE is made up of seven emirates. a) The UAE is located in the Arabian Gulf , and it is made up of seven emirates. b) The UAE is located in the Arabian Gulf ; it is made up of seven emirates. c) The UAE is located in the Arabian Gulf ; in addition, it is made up of seven emirates. IAE: T. Graham

Compound Sentences: Practice (worksheet page 2) 2. Dubai is home to the Burj Khalifa. The Grand Mosque is located in Abu Dhabi. a) Dubai is home to the Burj Khalifa , but the Grand Mosque is located in Abu Dhabi. b) Dubai is home to the Burj Khalifa ; the Grand Mosque is located in Abu Dhabi. c) Dubai is home to the Burj Khalifa ; however, the Grand Mosque is located in Abu Dhabi. IAE: T. Graham

Compound Sentences: Practice (worksheet page 2) 3. We could visit Sri Lanka for our holiday. We could go to India for our holiday. a) We could visit Sri Lanka for our holiday , or we could go to India. b) (not possible – why? ) c) We could visit Sri Lanka for our holiday ; on the other hand, we could go to India. IAE: T. Graham

Complex Sentences Remember: Compound sentences can be made from two independent clauses (clauses that can stand on their own): Ø I enjoy swimming. Ø I do not enjoy running. However, complex sentences are made with both independent and dependent clauses. Dependent Clauses are clauses that cannot stand on their own: Ø While I enjoy swimming, … Ø Because I do not enjoy running, … IAE: T. Graham

Complex Sentences join independent and dependent clauses using a subordinating conjunction: Although I was very tired, I went to the party. subordinating conjunction dependent clause independent clause I went to the party although I was very tired. independent clause IAE: T. Graham dependent clause subordinating conjunction Look at the punctuation in both sentences. When do you need a comma?

Subordinating Conjunctions Used in Complex Sentence Structures (worksheet page 3) ADVERB CLAUSES Time Reason / Result Opposition / Contrast ADJECTIVE CLAUSES NOUN CLAUSES (comes after noun it describes) (does the job of a noun: “something”) after because although who that before since even though which what when as despite the fact that when while so that while whose where as soon as Condition whereas whom how since if where who unless when whether IAEB: Graham

Adverb & Adjective Clauses: Practice (worksheet page 4) Fill in the gaps with words from the word box (two will not be used). after because before even though if since unless when which who The UAE is a country (1) _____ which consists of seven emirates and has been a federation (2) _____ that, since 1971. Oil was discovered in 1958, and (3) _____ after in 1962, the first cargo of crude oil was exported from Abu Dhabi. (4) _____ When oil revenues started to increase, the ruler of Abu Dhabi, Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan, arranged the building of schools, housing, hospitals and roads. Dubai's oil exports began in 1969. Sheikh Rashid bin Saeed Al Maktoum, (5) _____ was the who ruler of Dubai at the time, was also able to use oil revenues to improve his people's quality of life. (6) ______ Even though it is very young, the UAE has developed into a very modern, oil Because it has a highly diversified economy, it has become a exporting country. (7) _____ global hub for tourism, retail, and finance. (8) _____ it continues to develop and If grow, it will continue to secure its position as a major international player. IAE: T. Graham

Complex Sentences: Practice (worksheet page 5) • On the following slide and on worksheet page 5, you will see a number of sentences on plagiarism. • Write a paragraph, creating complex sentences when you can. • You may join more than two sentences together if you wish. IAE: T. Graham

Complex Sentences: Practice (worksheet page 5) • Definition of ‘Plagiarism’: to use another person’s ideas or visuals without telling the reader where the ideas or visuals came from. • Plagiarism is a big problem. • Plagiarism has increased over the years since the invention of the Internet. • The Internet has made information readily available and easy to copy. • Plagiarism is not honest. • Plagiarism is not acceptable. • Plagiarism is not clever. • Instead of copying without giving credit, use referencing and paraphrasing. • Referencing and paraphrasing are professional and acceptable ways to share others’ ideas. IAE: T. Graham

Complex Sentences: Practice (worksheet page 5) ‘Plagiarism’ is when you use another person’s ideas or visuals without telling the reader where these things came from. This is a big problem that has increased over the years since the Internet was invented. The Internet has made information readily available, but it has also made information easy to copy. Plagiarism is not honest, acceptable, or clever. Instead of copying without giving credit, use referencing and paraphrasing, which are professional and acceptable ways to share others’ ideas. noun clause IAE: T. Graham adjective clause adverb clause compound sentence