Composting Toilets By Isabelle Senteno Photo Credit http

Composting Toilets By Isabelle Senteno Photo Credit: http: //stormpoo. com/index. php? /about/

Overview • • • Environmental Benefits Research with the MODS Savings! Cost Conclusion Composting Toilet in the North Cascades, WA

Environmental Benefits • POLLUTION • WATER • ENERGY Photo Credit: http: //cdmsmith. com/en-US/Insights/Features/Managing-the. Complex. aspx# Brightwater Wastewater treatment plant for Seattle Area Cost of construction: $500 million

Possibilities http: //inside. warrenwilson. edu/~ELC/New_ELC_Website_/ compostingtoilet. php Photo Credit: http: //www. bertschi. org/who-weare/our-campus/science-wing/ Envirolet Composting toilet @ Bertschi Science School, Seattle WA Clivus Multrum Composting Toilets @ Warren Wilson College, Ashville, NC Clivus Multrum Composting Toilet @ Slippery Rock University, Slippery Rock, PA http: //www. sru. edu /academics/colleges /ches/macoskey/Pag es/Photo. Tour. Composting. Toilet. as px

The MODS Research Question: How would installing a composting toilet system in MOD residential housing benefit Evergreen? • • • MOD housing has 6 residents Sustainability Projects Retrofitting for a composting toilet is difficult In a new MOD building installation is possible Permitting DOH in WA Cost is the biggest barrier Photo Credits: http: //blogs. evergreen. edu/radsustai nability/

Water Savings! • 6 people per MOD • Toilet use person: 5/day • Amount of water in a toilet flush: 1. 6 Gallons • 48 gal per MOD/day • 1, 440 gal per MOD/month • 12, 960 gal per MOD per year! A composting toilet uses 2 tablespoons per flush Some don’t use any water at all! These are called Dry Flush Toilets Photo Credit: http: //www. ecofilms. com. au/tanias-compost-toilettour/

Money Savings Hypothesis: Because the water savings are so much, I thought the money savings would correspond. Therefore, an expensive composting toilet system would pay off quickly. Findings: Because the price of water is so cheap and the composting toilet system so expensive, the system would take many years to pay off. • Price per gallon of water in Olympia: $0. 007 • 1. 6 gal per flush • 1. 6 gal flush x $0. 007 = $0. 011 per flush • Cost per MOD (6 people) per school year (9 months) • 5 flushes person per day • Cost per MOD per month= $10. 08 • Cost per MOD per year (9 months) = $90. 72

COST • Clivus Multrum complete composting toilet system for 50 uses per day: $5, 995. 00 • Phoenix Composting toilet system: $6, 300. 00 Image Credit: Thttp: //activerain. com/image_store/uploads/5/2/9/9/6/ar 125056488 169925. jpg

Conclusion A composting toilet in the MODS would save… • 12, 960 gallons water per school year • $90. 72 on water per school year • 3459. 95 CO 2 equivalent pounds/school year • Composting toilet systems are EXPENSIVE • The price of water is too cheap for an expensive composting toilet system to be economical • Must value environmental benefits over the cost • Installing a composting toilet system in the MODS is possible (confidence) • A lot of work (high confidence)

Acknowledgements • E. J. Zita helping with calculations • Brian Barry with Clivus Multrum • Joe Martino with RAD Sustainability Photo Credit: http: //ww w. portagep ortabletoile ts. com/serv ices Photo Credit: http: //www. notonthe highstreet. com/freera ngedesigns/product/g ypsy-caravan-compost -toilet

Works Cited • • • C. Anand, D. S. Apul, “Economic and Environmental Analysis of Standard, High Efficiency, Rainwater Flushed, and Composting Toilets, ” Journal of Environmental Management, Volume 92, Issue 3, Pages 419 -428, 2011. http: //www. sciencedirect. com/science/article/pii/S 0301479710002537 Hause, Jennifer. http: //www. biolet. com/resources/documents/nesc-what-is-a-compostingtoilet. pdf http: //www. compostingtoilet. com/? page_id=401 Jenkins, Joseph. http: //humanurehandbook. com/manual. html Smith-Gardiner, Nina, “Composting Toilets at the Bullitt Center, ” Living Proof Blogs, Jun 14, 2012. http: //www. bullittcenter. org/2012/06/14/composting-toilets-at-the-bullitt-center/ J. Devkota, H. Schlachter, C. Anand, R. Phillips, Defne Apul. “Development and application of EEAST: A life cycle based model for use of harvested rainwater and composting toilets in buildings, ” Journal of Environmental Management, Volume 130, Pages 397 -404, 2013. http: //www. sciencedirect. com/science/article/pii/S 0301479713006063 The composting toilet system book: a practical guide to choosing, planning and maintaining composting toilet systems, a water-saving, pollution-preventing alternative, David del Porto, Carol Steinfeld, 2000, Concord, Mass; Center for Ecological Pollution Prevention; White River Junction, VT. Distributed by Chelsea Green Pub. Co. , http: //www. bertschi. org/who-we-are/our-campus/science-wing/ http: //inside. warren-wilson. edu/~ELC/New_ELC_Website_/compostingtoilet. php

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