Composed of a Cell Wall Cell Membrane Cytoplasm

• Composed of a – Cell Wall – Cell Membrane – Cytoplasm • Some bacteria have distinctive structures, such as flagella, capsules, and outer membranes • Capsule: (glycocalyx) an additional (optional) outer covering; protects against drying or harsh chemicals & host body's white blood cells, which would otherwise 1 engulf (eat) it

• Flagella: whip-like structure used for movement • Pili: (pilus) short, hair -like protein structures found on the surface of some species of bacteria – Help bacteria hold on to host cells & can be used to transfer genetic material from one bacterium to another 2

• Prokaryotes have lots • Have a single of ribosomes, but no chromosome: DNA in single closed loop organelles with membranes • May also have small loops of additional genes: • Do not have plasmids mitochondria or chloroplasts so use cell membranes to carry out cellular respiration or photosynthesis 3

• A spore is a dormant structure that is produced by Grampositive bacterial species that are exposed to harsh environmental conditions. • Cell is encased in a protective covering. • Makes them VERY hard to kill! • When conditions improve they break open & resume producing new bacteria cells This bacterium has formed an ENDOSPORE Difference between “disinfect” and “sterilize”? 4