COMPONENTS TEACHER Douglas Moogi SCHOOL Nkareta Sec School

COMPONENTS TEACHER Douglas Moogi SCHOOL Nkareta Sec School SUBJECT English Literature TOPIC English PP 3 Talk SUBTOPIC Revision CLASS Form 4 RATIONALE OBJECTIVES By the end of the lesson the learner should be able to write all the three essays required in pp 3 PREREQUISIT SKILLS AND KNOWLEDGE Learners should have read analysed all the three set texts necessary to sit for English pp 3 21 st Century Skills Problem solving, Critical thinking, Creativity & innovation, Collaboration, communication, Global citizens, Information and Communication Technology RESOURCES – ICT Laptop, projector, white screen RESOURCES – NON ICT Set texts, notebooks Show learners writing skills in pp 3 Help learners be prepared to tackle English pp 3 Use power point and discussion approach English pp 3 requires learners to write three essays in KCSE

KCSE ENGLISH PAPER 3 �EXAMINATION TIPS FOR CANDIDATES

INTRODUCTION �PAPER 3 TESTS ABILITY TO COMMUNICATE IN WRITING �COMMUNICATION ABILITY SHOWS THROUGH: INTELLIGIBILITY, CORRECTNESS, ACCURACY, FLUENCY, PLEASANTNESS, AND ORIGINALITY �LINGUISTIC COMPETENCE CARRIES MOST MARKS �LANGUAGE USED SHOULD BE SOCIALLY ACCEPTABLE, AVOID ABUSIVE OR IMMORAL LANGUAGE.

STRUCTURE OF PAPER �QUESTION 1 - IMAGINATIVE COMPOSITION �QUESTION 2 - THE COMPULSORY SET TEXTS �QUESTION 3 - THE OPTIONAL TEXTS

�TAKES 21/2 HOURS �ANSWER 3 QUESTIONS �QUESTION ONE AND TWO ARE COMPULSORY �CHOOSE ONE TEXT FROM THREE OPTIONS � A. THE SHORT STORY � B. DRAMA � C. THE NOVEL �(IF MORE QUESTIONS ARE ANSWERED THE FIRST TO APPEAR WILL BE MARKED)

TIPS FOR QUESTION. 1 �READ MANY STORY BOOKS, MAGAZINES, NEWSPAPERS, LISTEN TO MUSIC WITH A CRITICAL EAR ( SOME MUSIC CORRUPTS LANGUAGE BUT SOME PROMOTES) SO AS TO SHARPEN YOUR LANGUAGE AND CREATIVITY �USE YOUR BEST HANDWRITING. ESSAY WRITING IS SUBJECTIVE IN NATURE AND IMPRESSIONS MATTER. A GOOD HANDWRITING IMPRESSES THE EXAMINER. �PROOF READ YOUR FIRST TWO PARAGRAPHS AS THEY ARE KEY TO THE CATEGORIZATION OF YOUR COMPOSITION

TYPES OF QUESTIONS �PROVERBS �STARTING WITH �ENDING WITH �DISCURSIVE ESSAYS / ARGUMENTATIVE / EXPOSITION / DEBATE

SAMPLE QUESTIONS �Imaginative Composition (Compulsory) (20 marks) � Either �Write a story ending: … I was greatly relieved on hearing the news. Or �Write a composition explaining what the government should do to avoid another post-election violence in Kenya in next year’s general election.

SAMPLE QUESTION 1 �Write a composition that illustrates the following saying: OR � Write a composition beginning with the words: From a distance I knew all was not well……………………………………………………………………………….

SAMPLE QUESTIONS �(a) Write a composition ending with the words: it dawned on me that perhaps I should not have made that decision (20 mks) Or (b) Write a composition to illustrate the saying � “Pride comes before a fall”

WHAT TO AVOID �VULGARITY �THE MUNDANE � DEFINING TITLES � GIVING TITLES �IMMATURITY- A PRIMARY COMPOSITION AND A SECONDARY ONE �ILLOGICALITY- YOU HAVE A GUN? HOW DID YOU GET IT- WHERE IS CREDIBILITY? �IMMORALITY- YOU CAUGHT A THIEF- DID YOU LYNCH OR TOOK TO POLICE?

�SIMPLE CONCEPTS AND SIMPLE ENGLISH �AVOID CLICHES � USING NON ENGLISH WORDS UNNECESSARILY BUT IF U DO USE INVERTED COMMAS �TAUTOLOGY- I can be able, I was hiding where nobody could see me,

WHAT TO DO �USE PROPER PUNCTUATION ESPECIALLY WHEN ENDING A LINE �USE A VARIETY OF TECHNIQUES SUCH AS SUSPENCE, PUN, VIVID DESCRIPTION, DIALOGUE, SYMBOLISM, METAPHOR, IRONY �HAVE TWISTS AND TURNS IN THE STORY- (VITA YA MAMA NANI HAISHI MPAKA APIGE MAGOTI)

CATEGORIZATION OF ESSAYS �KCSE PAPER 3 ESSAYS ARE USUALLY CATEGORIZED FOR EASY DETERMINATION OF MARKS TO AWARD THIS CLASSIFICATION RANGES FROM D TO A � D (1 -5 MARKS) � C (6 -10 MARKS) � B (11 -15 MARKS) � A (16 -20 MARKS)

A+ 19 -20 A AB+ B BC+ C CD+ D 18 16 -17 14 -15 13 11 -12 09 -10 08 06 -07 04 -05 03

D CLASS 01 -05. NO COMMUNICATION � 01 -2 MARKS- CHAOTIC, NO MEANING, SIMPLY COPIED QUESTION OR SOME WORDS � 3 FLOW OF THOUGHT IMPOSSIBLE TO FOLLOW � 4 -5 MARKS. BROKEN ENGLISH AND ALL TYPES OF ERRORS BUT WE CAN GUESS WHAT THE STUDENT WANTS TO SAY e. g. the girl from my pillage. the girl has a cup in her teats, it was i knew day, bursted, i tought,

C CLASS 6 -10 SOME COMMUNICATION. THERE IS A STORY LINE � 06 -07 MARKS- LIMITED STRUCTURE AND VOCABULARY ERROS OF AGREEMENT, SPELLING, MISUSE OFDF PREPOSITIONS, TENSES, VERB AGREEMENT � 08 MARKS. CANDIDATE COMMUNICATES BUT NOT WITH CONSISTENT CLARITY. THIS IS A FAIRLY GOOD ATTEMPT AND THERE IS SOME COMMUNICATION. LITTLE VARIETY OR ORIGINALITY, BOOKISH ENGLISH. � 09 -10 MARKS. COMMUNICATES CLEARLY BUT IN A FLAT AND UNCERTAIN MANNER. SENTENCES ARE STRAINED, OVERUSE OF CLICHES, UNSUITABLE IDIOMS, MISQUOTED PROVERBS, JERKY FLOW, SOME ERRORS OF AGREEMENT

B CLASS 11 -15 - GREATER FLUENCY, EASE OF EXPRESSION � 11 -12 MARKS- SOME FLUENCY, LITTLE VARIETY IN STRUCTURE, A FEW GROSS ERRORS � 13 MARKS. SENTENCES VARIED BUT SIMPLE AND STRAIGHT FORWARD. NO STRAIN, NATURAL AND EFFORTLESS, ITEMS OF MERIT, ECONOMY OF LANGUAGE � 14 -15 MARKS. NO STRAIN, PLEASANT, ERRORS AND SLIPS ARE THERE BUT FEW, GOOD SPELLINGS, TENSES, AND PUNCTUATION, MANY ITEMS OF MERIT(WHOLE SENTENCE)

A CLASS- COMPLETE COMMAND OF LANGUAGE, TWISTS IN THE PLOT � 16 -17 - COMPETENCE AND FLUENCY, VOCABULARY , IDIOM, STRUCTURE, IMPRESSIVE, RARE ERRORS � 18. A DEFINITE IMPACT AND SPARK. NO GRAMMAR PROBLEM, VARIETY IN STRUCTURE, � 19 -20 - COMMUNICATES MEANING INFORMATION AND WHOLE SELF EG VIEWS, CULTURE, YOUTH. COMMUNICATION IS DEEP, WIDE RANGE AND EFFECTIVE VOCABULARY, ORIGINAL, VIVID, AND SUSTAINED ACCOUNT, WELL DEVELOPED ORDER. VERY DEFINITE SPARK! STRIKING USE OF STYLE EG SARCASM, IRONY, HAVE A STRONG LESSON TO HUMANITY

GROSS ERRORS �THESE ARE SERIOUS ERRORS �AGREEMENT �TENSES �VOCABULARY SPELLING OR MISUSE �PUNCTUATION ERRORS THAT LEAD TO MISCOMMUNICATION �RIDICULOUS USE OF IDIOM �MISUSE OF COMMON PREPOSITIONS �MISUSE OF CAPITALS �USE OF CONTRACTED FORMS

PROBLEM SCRIPTS �IRRELEVANCY- DISTORTION OF QUESTION, EVADING OF QUESTION, UNNACCEPTABLE OR QUESTIONABLE INTERPRETATION, INCOHERENCE OR DIGRESSION. �CONTRAVENTION OF RUBRIC �SCRIPTS THAT DO NOT COMMUNICATE- D SCRIPTS ACTION: (GIVE A LINGUISTIC MARK THEN DEDUCT UP TO 4 MARKS)

WHAT IS THE BEST LENGTH FOR ESSAY? �NOT A BIG DEAL BUT IF IT LOOKS TOO SHORT THE EXAMINER WILL COUNT WORDS. �NOT MORE THAN 450 WORDS �DO NOT EXCEED TWO PAGES OF BOOKLET �BODY SHOULD HAVE AT LEAST FOUR WELL DEVELOPED POINTS. (ONE OR TWO MORE FOR SAFETY IN CASE SOME ARE IRRELEVANT IS A SURIVAL OPTION)

KENYAN ENGLISH SOME WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS ARE UNDERSTOOND AND CURRENTLY USED BY KENYANS. THESE ARE ACCEPTED AS ENGLISH PANGA, RUNGU, SHAMBA, MURRUM, WANANCHI UGALI, MADARASA, HARAMBEE, MATOKE MAENDELEO YA WANAWAKE , SALAAM, AYAH ASKARI, DEDE, DUKA, NYAYO, BOMA SUKUMAWIKI, GOAT PARTY, MANYATTA MAGENDO, BODA, OMENA, ETC

AMERICAN ENGLISH �IT IS ACCEPTABLE BUT BE CONSISTENT IN USING EITHER OR ELSE YOU WILL BE PENALIZED �LABOR �HONOR �PROGRAM

ESSAYS �USUALLY QUESTIONS CENTRE ON CONTEMPORARY/ CURRENT ISSUES OR EMERGING ISSUES- UNDERSTAND THEMES AND CHARACTERS AND YOUR VIEWS ON THE SAME �READ AND REREAD THE QUESTION, �COMPREHEND IT, � ASK YOURSELF WHAT THE DEMANDS OF THE QUESTION ARE (DOG 1 AND DOG 2) �UNDERLINE THE KEY WORDS IN THE QUESTION �READ AND REREAD THE TEXTS FOR MASTERY.

ESSAY WRITING • EXAMINATION ESSAYS SHOULD HAVE 3 PARTS • THE INTRODUCTION- 1 PARAGRAPH • THE BODY 4 PREGNANT PARAGRAGHS EACH 6 MKS ( HAVING MORE SAY 6 HAS SOME RISKS. PARAGRAPHS ARE MARKED AS FAIR, FULL OR THIN AND BEST 4 SELECTED) • A CONCLUSION- 1 PARAGRAPH • 4 MARKS FOR LANGUAGE BUT AWARDED DEPENDING ON THE SCORE IN BODY EG. 9 -12 IN THE BODY WILL GIVE 4 FULL MARKS

INTRODUCTIONS �FIRST PARAGRAPH IS ALWAYS TREATED AS INTRODUCTION (6 -8 LINES OF BOOKLET, ) �WEAK INTRODUCTION/ PARTIAL GETS ONE MARK, STRONG 2 IRRELEVANT �A GOOD INTRO TELLS THE EXAMINER YOU HAVE UNDERSTOOD THE QUESTION

A GOOD INTRODUCTION • IS EITHER GENERAL OR CONTEXTUAL OR SIMPLY AN OUTLINE OF THE POINTS TO BE DISCUSSED • LEARN HOW TO WRITE BOTH CONTEXTUAL AND GENERALISED INTRODUCTIONS. • A GENERAL ONE USES THE ENVIRONMENT ONE IS IN. • LET THE INTERPRETATION OF THE QUESTION BE SEEN IN THE FIRST PARAGRAPH

SPECIFIC OR CONTEXTUAL �THE CANDIDATE LIMITS HERSELF/HIMSELF TO THE TEXT. �e. g. As we see in The Caucasian Chalk Circle, being motherly is a challenge. Natella abashwili is the biological mother of Michael but she does not act in a manner befitting a mother. In contrast Grusha puts Michael’s needs before her own.

EXAMPLE 2. GENERAL INTRO �WHEN HIV/AIDS WAS DISCOVERED IN THE 1980 S IT WAS VIEWED WITH UTTER DREAD. THOSE INFECTED WERE SHUNNED AND WERE EXPECTED TO DIE PAINFULLY SOONER RATHER THAN LATER. HOWEVER WITH INCREASING KNOWLEDGE ABOUT THE DISEASE OVER THE YEARS THINGS HAVE DRASTICALLY IMPROVED. �IT IS OUTSIDE OF THE TEXT BUT RELATED TO THE QUESTION �HERE ONE TALKSABOUT SOMETHING CONTEMPORARYTHAT AFFECTS THE SOCIETY WHICH RELATES TO THE TEXT/ APPLICATION SKILL

QUESTION: Write an essay on the effects of strikes in society using illustrations from Betrayal in the City �people go on strike because of dissatisfaction with situations at work, school or generally in the society

OTHER INTRODUCTIONS �PARAPHRASING THE QUESTION �OUTLINE OF THE POINTS TO BE DISCUSSED

SAMPLE QUESTION: Many communities have practices that are biased against women. With close reference to Witi Ihimaera’s novel The Whale Rider, write an essay showing the truth in this statement. In some communities in Kenya and indeed all over the world women and female children are treated differently and unequally compared to men and boys.

�SAMPLE QUESTION: True motherhood is not necessarily biological. With illustrations from Bertolt Brecht’s the caucasian chalk circle write an essay in support of this statement � SAMPLE INTRODUCTION : We have known mothers who abandon or even kill their children. We also know of mothers whose children are adopted and who are well taken care of.

QUESTION: In the face of life's challenges all that a person needs is determination and resilience. write an essay to show the truthfulness of this statement using four characters from The River and the Source ( 20 marks) �SAMPLE GENERAL INTRODUCTION: Many people fail in life because they are unable to cope with challenges that life throws their way. it is only those who are resilient and determined who succeed.

SPECIFIC INTRODUCTION SAMPLE QUESTION: Being infected with HIV? AIDS should not be taken to be a death sentence. Write an essay in support of this statement with close reference to the story When the Sun Goes Down by Goro wa Kamau. Steve in When the Sun Goes Down is an example of one who has lived long because he lives positively.

QUESTION: In the face of life's challenges all that a person needs is determination and resilience. write an essay to show the truthfulness of this statement using four characters from The River and the Source ( 20 marks) SAMPLE CONTEXTUALISED/ SPECIFIC INTRODUCTION: In The River and the Source a number of characters face the challenges that life throws their way with resilience and determination. These are the ones who succeed. They include Akoko, Nyabera, Awiti and Wandia.

OUTLINE INTRODUCTION �ABANDONED CHILD, MILK, ROTTEN BRIDGE, DOORSTEP, ADOPTION OF THE CHILD, INHERITANCE, THE CHALK CIRCLE, MARRYING A DYING MAN

LANGUAGE �HAVE PARAGRAPH LINKS, CONNECTORS EG FIRSTLY, SECONDLY, IN ADDITION, AS IF THAT IS NOT ENOUGH, �SENTENCE CONSTRUCTION �LANGUAGE MARK IS TIED TO CONTENT ABOVE 6 YOU GET 4 BELOW SIX YOUBGET 2 TO 1 �CONLUSION: TO CONCLUDE, IN A NUTSHELL, FROM THE FOREGOING

CONCLUSION �CAN BE AN OUTLINE/RECAP/ SUMMARY OF MAIN POINTS OR A WRITER’S OPINION ON THE TOPIC OF DISCUSSION �CAN BE A RECAP OF ONES UNDERSTANDING OF THE QUESTION AND DISCUSSION �FROM THE FOREGOING IT IS CLEAR THAT BEING MOTHERLY IS WHAT COUNTS. �IT IS CLEAR THAT IT TAKES MORE THAN BIOLOGIAL MOTHERHOOD TO BE MOTHERLY �CHILDREN SHOULD BE GIVEN TO THE MOTHERLY AND NOT NECESSARILY THEIR BIOLOGICAL MOTHERS.

AWARDING OF MARKS �INTRODUCTION: 2 MARKS �BODY 12 MARKS �CONCLUSION 2 MARKS �LANGUAGE AND PRESENTATION. 4 MARKS

COMMONLY MISSPELT WORDS INCLUDE. WRITING OCCURRED SURPRISE COMMITTEE TOMORROW ACCOMMODATION YACHT DINING COUNSELLING USUALLY

A GOOD PARAGRAPH �EACH PARAGRAPH HAS IT OWN IDEAS �STARTS WITH A TOPIC SENTENCE �TOPIC SENTENCE IS FOLLOWED BY �ILLUSTRATIONS FROM THE SET TEXT

WHEN WRITING AN ESSAY �DO USE SUBHEADINGS/ SUB TITLES �DO NOT GIVE YOUR ESSAYS TITLES SOMETIMES THEY MISLEAD, DO NOT EARN YOU ANY MARKS �DO NOT MISPELL OR CONFUSE NAMES OF CHARACTERS IN THE TEXTS �UNDERLINE TITLES OF BOOKS AND PUNCTUATE THEM WELL ESPECIALLY IN THE INTRODUCTION

WHAT TO DO �START WITH THE QUESTION YOU ARE MORE COMFORTABLE WITH. �PLAN YOUR ESSAYS BEFORE YOU BEGIN WRITING LIST THE POINTS YOU WILL RAISE AND THE ILLUSTRATIONS YOU HAVE FOR EACH POINT PLAN TOTOHAVE STANDARD PARAGRAPHS THAT HAVE TOPIC SENTENCES, SUPPORTING AND CLINCHER SENTENCES.

� SAMPLE ESSAY QUESTIONS � It is often said that as you make your bed, you must lie on it. Write an essay in response to the statement giving illustrations from the play. � 3. THE OPTIONAL SET TEXTS. � Answer any one of the following three questions � Either � � � their � � � Whale � a) The short story Illieva Emilia and W. Olembo, When the Sun Goes Down and other stories. With reference to the story ‘Leaving’ write an essay on the efforts parents for the success of children. Or b) Drama Francis Imbuga, Betrayal in the City. Using illustrations from ‘Betrayal in the City’ write an essay to show that despite having people working under him, Boss cannot escape the blame for collapse of Kafira government. Or c) The Novel Witi Ihimaera, The Whale Rider. ‘Without women society can be ruined. ’Using examples from Witi Ihimaera’s novel, The Rider, write an essay to justify this statement.

TEACHING SETBOOKS � 1. TEACH EPISODES IN THE TEXT SINCE ESSAY QUESTIONS REQUIRE THOSE EPISODES FOR ILLUSTRATION �ANSWERING A QUESTION: IDENTIFY THE POINT �GIVE SUFFICIENT ILLUSTRATIONS- THESE COME FROM YOUR MASTERY OF THE PLOTS IE EVENTS �ANALYSE, SYNTHESISE AND EVALUATE �SO IN TEACHING IDENTIFYTHE KEY EVENTS IN THE PLOT �ANSWERING FOUR PARAGRAPHS ARE SUFFICIENT

INTERRACT WITH TEXT ALOT �USE HOT SEATING �GROUPWORK �DEBATE