Components of Elements of PHC Health education 2

Components of Elements of PHC

• Health education • 2. Promotion of food and proper nutrition • 3. Adequate supply of safe water and basic sanitation • 4. MCH including FP • 5. Immunization • 6. Prevention and control of locally endemic disease • 7. Rx of common diseases and injuries • 8. Provision of essential drugs

• Components added after Alma-Ata declaration • 9. Mental health • 10. Oral health • 11. Control of ARI • 12. Control of HIV/AIDS and other STIs • 13. Occupational health • 14. Use of traditional medicine

• • • Approaches of PHC A. Comprehensive PHC (CPHC) Health is not merely the absence of disease Multi-sectoral approaches and community involvement B. Selective PHC (SPHC) Announced by UNICEF to cut child mortality in the 3 rd world. Ex. GOBI FFF • Growth monitoring • ORS Breast feeding • immunization • Family planning • Food supplement • Female education

• • Advantage - Results achieved faster - Give more satisfaction Disadvantage – limited scope of activities - disease oriented - doesn’t address priority problem - little / no intersectoral collaboration - community dependant on physician

What PHC is Not • • • A greater attention to people on defined needs only Meant only for the urban poor and the rural population Integrated as a service of lower quality care Concerns only the developing countries An obstacle to the Development and growth of hospital care • Simple health development process that can only be directed by CHWS • Reduce academic excellence in health science and technology development • Academic excellence must be a strategy for change

• • • Regional health department has the power to license health centers Clinical diagnostic centers For this function, standard and guidelines were given by MOH to private sectors, following this development, the private sub-sectors seem to have growth very fast but various problems encountered both by regulatory force and providers in operation of private: sectors, these include: difficult for private sectors getting medical equipment and drugs Complaints professionals in public sectors for not being allowed to work par-time. existence of several unlicensed private institutions very high service change

• poor referral and reporting by private facilities • too much and unnecessary lab. Investigation • mal-practice and illegal practices in some private sectors • Absence of clear and standard measures to be taken in case of mal-practices • Exodus of health professionals to private sectors • Shortage of resources and human power at the MOH

• level for properly enforcing and supervising guidelines. NGOs are non- profitable ﻏﻴﺮ ﺭﺑﺤﻴﺔ organizations whose central purposes are to provide materials, assistance and management as well as technical services at little or no cost to the needy. These organization in general are not sponsored ﺭﻋﺎﻳﺔ , governed, or funded by the government, yet they work on the policy & guideline established by government. • NGOs usually focus on public health services. The challenged faced by NGOs in health institutions in any country includes:

• • • Lack of clean water Poor sanitation Poor waste disposal system High level of infectious disease In adequate and in equilibrium health services. Before 1980 NGOs focus on PHC, but how a days NGOs focused on advanced health services to provide specialized and advanced health services