Competition vs Cooperation Young Perspective Cooperation vs Competition

Competition vs Cooperation Young Perspective Cooperation vs Competition in Space Activities Round Table Secure World Foundation & WIA-Europe 21 May, 2013 in Brussels, Belgium Andrea Jaime, Executive Director Andrea. Jaime@spacegeneration. org

CONTENT • SGAC • Definitions • Perspective from the New Generation IN SUPPORT OF THE UNITED NATIONS PROGRAMME ON SPACE APPLICATIONS 2

Space Generation Advisory Council SGAC is a non-profit organisation that represents 18 -35 year olds in international space policy at the United Nations, at agencies, in industry, and in academia • Founded as a result of the 1999 UNISPACE III conference • SGAC has had permanent observer status in the UN COPUOS since 2001 and has been a member of the UN Economic and Social Council since 2003 • SGAC has a volunteer network of more than 4, 000 members in over 90 countries IN SUPPORT OF THE UNITED NATIONS PROGRAMME ON SPACE APPLICATIONS 3

Example SGAC Products • Conferences • Space Generation Congress (SGC) • Space Generation Fusion Forum • Year-round Projects • Pragmatic Policy Suggestions • Reports to United Nations Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space • Recommendations from Space Generation Congresses • Scholarships • Special Projects • • ISECG-NASA Videos IAA Study Groups European Space Expo Other IN SUPPORT OF THE UNITED NATIONS PROGRAMME ON SPACE APPLICATIONS 4

Year-Round Project Groups • Near Earth Objects (NEO) • Space Safety & Sustainability (SSS) • Youth for GNSS (YGNSS) • Space Technology and Disaster Management (STDM) IN SUPPORT OF THE UNITED NATIONS PROGRAMME ON SPACE APPLICATIONS 5

Year-Round Project Groups • Small Satellites (SSPG) • Commercial Space (CSPG) • Space Law (SLPG) IN SUPPORT OF THE UNITED NATIONS PROGRAMME ON SPACE APPLICATIONS 6

Voice in Policy • SGAC working groups support UN Action Teams (e. g. , Action Team 14 on NEOs) • SGAC produces space policy papers and advice – (e. g. , Recommendations from the Space Generation Congress and Youth Space Vision Report) • SGAC informs UN COPUOS and UN Office of Outer Space Affairs of its activities and ideas IN SUPPORT OF THE UNITED NATIONS PROGRAMME ON SPACE APPLICATIONS 7

Definitions Competition Cooperation Collaboration The activity or condition of striving to gain or win something by defeating or establishing superiority over others who are trying to do the same. The process of working The action of working with together to the same end. someone to produce or create something. Economics: Rivalry in which every seller tries to get what others are seeking at the same time, by offering the best practicable combination of price, quality and service. Where the market information flows freely, competition plays a regulatory function balancing demand supply. Voluntarily arrangement in which two or more entities engage in a mutually beneficial exchange instead of competing. Cooperation can happen where resources adequate for both parties exist or are created by their interaction. IN SUPPORT OF THE UNITED NATIONS PROGRAMME ON SPACE APPLICATIONS Cooperative arrangement in which two or more parties (which may or may not have any previous relationship) work jointly towards a common goal. 8

Perspectives from the New Generation • New Generation – Definition “Born in 1978 (younger than 35 years old)“ CHRONOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE • • 50’s-60’s: Space Race between USA and Soviet Union • Sputnik, Gagarin, Apollo Programme 70’s: End of Space Race • Apollo – Soyuz mission • Creation of the European Space Agency – first real collaboration among nations. Included the Solar System Exploration together with nations outside Europe 80’s: Space Shuttle Programme Starts 90’s: International Space Station **Cooperation has become more into the norm** IN SUPPORT OF THE UNITED NATIONS PROGRAMME ON SPACE APPLICATIONS 9

Perspectives from the New Generation COOPERATION depending on the AREA • Earth Observation • Predominant. CEOS (Committee on Earth Observation Satellites)with 23 members and 21 associated nations. • Cooperation specially on disaster management, water management. Data sharing and standardisation are common practices in this area. • Science itself entitles commonalities. Scientific papers are shared world wide through journals, available now on internet. Collaborations between universities and space agencies are a common practice. • COST ( European Cooperation in Science and Technology). IN SUPPORT OF THE UNITED NATIONS PROGRAMME ON SPACE APPLICATIONS 10

Perspectives from the New Generation COOPERATION depending on the AREA • Telecommunications • Business is the major driven in this are. Therefore there is a clear competition between satellite companies and nations with launch capabilities. • However – there is an interest on data sharing and standardisation. Existing policies to share data, specially when it is needed for disaster management. • Space Data Association • Exploration • Collaboration is the key element of success. • ISECG – 14 space agencies to develop a common roadmap. IN SUPPORT OF THE UNITED NATIONS PROGRAMME ON SPACE APPLICATIONS 11

Perspectives from the New Generation COOPERATION at any time! • 70’s, 80’s, 90’s – Showed trends to international cooperation • But… what about in the 60’s? • Apollo – 1961, Kennedy explored the possibilities of reshaping the programme from competition to international collaboration. Soviet Union was not ready for this way of working. • In 1963 he said “…joint expedition to the moon. Space offers no problems of sovereignty; …why, therefore, should man’s first flight to the moon be a matter of national competition? Why should the United States and the Soviet Union, in preparing for such expeditions, become involved in immense duplications of research, construction, and expenditure? Surely we should explore whether the scientists and astronauts of our two countries—indeed of all the world—cannot work together in the conquest of space, sending some day in this decade to the moon not representatives of a single nation, but the representatives of all of our countries. … Let us do the big things together” IN SUPPORT OF THE UNITED NATIONS PROGRAMME ON SPACE APPLICATIONS 12

Perspectives from the New Generation COOPERATION at any time! • New Ways of Working • The new Generation • has lived in an atmosphere where cooperation has been the prioritized way of working. • is aware of the benefits of competition-driven space programme in the past, but also of the restrictions that his type of programmes have (refer here, for example to ITAR regulations) • Know about the difference between business and competition. • Back in the 60’s the competition was based on ideology and prestige goals. • Nowadays, competition lays in the economic side, and this helps regulate the market (see definition in the previous slides) IN SUPPORT OF THE UNITED NATIONS PROGRAMME ON SPACE APPLICATIONS 13

Perspectives from the New Generation COOPERATION at any time! • New Ways of Working • SGAC’s main goal is to educate Young Professionals into that new way of working – giving opportunity to people to work in an international environment without competing. • In the past decades, the cooperation was done at a higher level, where only politicians or high-level managers where giving statements on international collaboration. • However, now is also at lower level, where daily cooperation is found. Young Professionals must know since the very beginning how to get the best from others by cooperating. • In SGAC, young professionals always work in international groups to discuss global space topics. • It is a fact, that in all SGAC Reports, the delegates recommend cooperation, and propose many activities to go into this trend. • I invite all of you to read the Space Generation Congress Report for specific examples IN SUPPORT OF THE UNITED NATIONS PROGRAMME ON SPACE APPLICATIONS 14

Perspectives from the New Generation COOPERATION at any time! • In SGAC, young professionals are exposed to • Global Teleconferences • Tolerance and respect • Understanding • Criticism • Learning from other • Multidisciplinary groups • Network with senior space current leaders SGAC promotes cooperation and collaboration regardless nationality and/or political views or interests. Nevertheless, for those who are convinced of competition as the only way of achieving a goal, it is also known that the only way of winning is to know both, your allies and your enemies. IN SUPPORT OF THE UNITED NATIONS PROGRAMME ON SPACE APPLICATIONS 15

Perspectives from the New Generation COOPERATION at any time! • *Beautiful Mind (2001) • Adam Smith’s quote ”best result comes from everyone in the group doing what's best for himself” • John Nash (played by Russel Crowe) Says: “Incomplete. Best Result Comes from everyone in the group doing what‘s best for himself AND THE GROUP” Video: http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=u. AJDD 1_Oexo IN SUPPORT OF THE UNITED NATIONS PROGRAMME ON SPACE APPLICATIONS 16

THANK YOU! www. spacegeneration. org twitter. com/sgac www. facebook. com/spacegeneration www. youtube. com/spacegeneration IN SUPPORT OF THE UNITED NATIONS PROGRAMME ON SPACE APPLICATIONS 17

Some references • Google Definition • Business Dictionary • Blog of Roger Launiushttp: //launiusr. wordpress. com/2011/03/23/internationalcompetition-versus-cooperation-in-space/ • Approaches to Future Space Cooperationa nd Competition in a Globalizing World: Summary of a Workshop, 2009. Jim Zimmerman http: //www. nap. edu/openbook. php? record_id=12694&page=9) IN SUPPORT OF THE UNITED NATIONS PROGRAMME ON SPACE APPLICATIONS 18