Competency 302 00 Identify architectural styles Objective 302

Competency: 302. 00 Identify architectural styles. Objective: 302. 02 Explain concepts associated with selected styles of residential architecture.

Development of Architectural Styles n Influences n Climate n Available materials n Building techniques of time period n Styles n Few structures exemplify one particular style n Categorized by most significant features n Transitions n n Between time periods Geographical origin

Development of Architectural Styles n Significant developments n Post and lintel n Arch n Vault n Dome

Development of Architectural Styles n Influences on early American architecture n European n Basis for development of American styles n England, n styles France, Spain, Italy Most significant influences

Development of Architectural Styles n Structural influences n Available materials n Climate n Settlers’ backgrounds n Origin of style names n Geographical region n Shape of structure n Time period

Elements of Design - Line n Sense of direction and movement n Relates structure to environment n Curved lines soften appearance n Horizontal lines minimize height & maximize width n Vertical lines create illusion of height & strength n Diagonal lines add sense of transition

Elements of Design - Form n Rectangles, squares, circles, ovals, ellipses n Dictate function n Accent specific features

Elements of Design - Color n Distinguishes between exterior material & accent shapes n Terms n Hue n Typically considered the color n Value n Darkening or lightening of hue n Intensity n Brightness of a color

Elements of Design - Texture n Roughness or smoothness of a surface n Rough surfaces n Feeling of strength & security n Smooth surfaces n Illusion of increased height n Reflects light & seems brighter

Elements of Design - Rhythm n Repetitive element leads the eye through design n Created with gradual change n Materials n Shape n Color

Elements of Design - Balance n Relationship between areas of structure and an imaginary center line n Formal balance is symmetrical n Informal balance is non symmetrical

Elements of Design – Proportion n Relates to size & balance n Affects relationship between structure and environment n Exterior and interior considerations

Elements of Design - Unity n Relates to rhythm, balance, proportion n Ties structure together with common design n “Tacked on” features should be avoided

Floor Plan Styles Single-level Residences n Most common styles n Stair-free access n Simple maintenance n Variety of exterior styles

Floor Plan Styles Split-level Residences n Combine features of one and two-story homes n Suited to sloping sites n Greater construction costs n Split side-to-side or front-to-back

Floor Plan Styles Two-story Residences n Numerous options n Separated living and sleeping areas n Minimal land required n Maximum building area at lower costs n Less foundation material n Fewer exterior walls n Smaller roof

Floor Plan Styles Dormer-style Residences n Two levels n Upper level about half of first floor n Incorporates a steep roof n Dormer level forms attic-like area n Economic features of two-story homes

Floor Plan Styles Multi-level Residences n Endless possibilities for floor levels n Style dictation n Owners’ living habits n Site topography n Most costly homes

Exterior Styles - Georgian n Basic style modified throughout colonies n Available material n Weather n Classical principles of ancient Greeks n Form and symmetry evident in front elevation n Centered entry with equally spaced windows n Columned porch n Doorway with carved wood detailing n Southern homes most often built of brick n Northern homes covered with wood siding

Exterior Styles - Saltbox n Common modification of Georgian style n Symmetry without much detail n Two-story at front tapers to one-story in rear n Shutters on windows

Exterior Styles - Garrison n Combines Saltbox & Georgian styles n Modeled after fort structures n Upper level extends past lower level n Heavy timbers support overhang

Exterior Styles - Federal n Combines Georgian with Roman & Greek styles n Wood or brick exterior n High, covered porch with centered Greek-style columns n Arched trim door n Projected pediments cap windows

Exterior Styles – Greek Revival n Classic Greek architecture proportions & decorations n Large, rectangular, boxlike n Two-story portico n Low, sloped gable roof n Greek columns n Adds decoration

Exterior Styles – Southern Colonial n Similar to Georgian style n Also referred to as Plantation style n Flat, covered porch n Extends length of the house n Protection from sun and weather

Exterior Styles - English n Unsymmetrical layout n Stone, brick, or heavy timber & plaster n Diamond-shaped window glass

Exterior Styles – Dutch Colonial n Defined by roof style n Gambrel (Barn) roof of two levels n Steep lower level roof serves as second floor n Upper roof is traditional gable style

Exterior Styles – French Normandy n Multilevel n Framed with brick, stone or wood, and plaster n Gable or Hip style roof n Circular turret near center of home

Exterior Styles – French Plantation n Two full floors n Wraparound porch n Hip roof

Exterior Styles – Spanish Colonial n Exterior of adobe or plaster n Arches and tiled roofs n Timbers frame flat or low-pitched roof n Grills or spindles in windows n Balconies with wrought-iron railings

Exterior Styles - Farmhouse n Two-story construction n Little or no trim or detail work n Surrounded by covered porch

Exterior Styles - Ranch n Originated in Southwest n Single-story rambling layout n Low-pitched roof with large overhang n Original exterior materials n Stucco n Adobe

Exterior Styles - Victorian n Also called Queen Anne style n Irregularly shaped floor plans n Ornate detailing

Exterior Styles - Contemporary n Also called Modern style n Meets wide variety of needs n Reflects lifestyle of owner n Traditional exteriors n Untraditional floor plans