Comparison of asphalt emulsion specification and Test Methods

Comparison of asphalt emulsion specification and Test Methods between China and US Wen. Feng Wang JSTI GROUP Boston, Nov 29, 2017

OUTLINE 1. Classification Standard of Asphalt Emulsion (AE) 2. Specification Comparison 3. Test methods and criterion

Classification standard of AE p US u ASTM D 997 ----Demulsification speed ü Rapid Setting----RS-1, RS-2 Viscosity ü Middle Setting----MS-1, MS-2 h ü Slow Setting----SS-1， SS-1 h ü Quick Setting----QS-1 h Penetration of Residue u ASTM D 2397 ----Cationic asphalt emulsion ü CRS-1, CRS-2, CMS-2 h, CSS-1 h, CQS-1 h u ASTM D 3628 -----Selection and Use of AE

Classification standard of AE p China u JTG F 40 -2004 ü Demulsification speed, Application Classification Cationic emulsified asphalt Anionic emulsified asphalt Nonionic emulsified asphalt Code PC-1 PC-2 PC-3 BC-1 PA-2 PA-3 BA-1 PN-2 Demulsification Rapid Slow Rapid or Middle Slow Application surface、seal coat layer oil tack coat Slurry Sealing, Cold Mix Asphalt layer oil BN-1 Slow Base reclamation l China: classified by demulsification speed, and then the scope of application is used as the classification standard.

Specification comparison p Specification comparison China US Specification for asphalt emulsion JTG F 40 -2004 ASTM AASHTO Asphalt Emulsion(AE) Table 4. 3. 2 D 977 -13 M 140 -16 Polymer modified AE M 316 -16 Cationic AE D 2397 -13 M 208 -16 Rapid setting AE M 81 -92(2012) Middle setting AE M 82 -75(2012) Micro surfacing MP 8 -16 Chip seal MP 27 -16 l AASHTO made specifications according to the type of emulsion l In China, the specification for asphalt emulsion is named F 40 which was published in 2004.

Specification comparison p Standard practice comparison Standard Practice China Usage and selection US ASTM AASHTO R 5 -13 sampling R 66 -16 Certified supplier R 78 -16 Specification for chip seal MP 27 -16 Design for chip seal PP 82 -16 Design for Micro surfacing PP 83 -16 Emulsion recycling agent D 5505 -14 Mixing property D 6999 -12 Low temperature evaporation residue D 7497(2016) Vacuum oven recycling residues D 7944 -15 Specification and practice D 244 -09 T 59 -16 Freezing thawing effect D 6929 -16 Standard practice of Cation Recognition D 7402 -09 l The work of standard practice is lacking in China

Specification comparison p Standard Test Methods comparison Test specification China US JTG-E 20 -2011 ASTM AASHTO T 0658 -1993 D 6936 -09 T 59 Standard T 0621 -1993 Angler T 0622 -1993 Saybolt T 0623 -1993 D 7496 -11 T 72 -10(2015) Dynamic / D 7226 -13 Evaporation T 0651 -1993 D 6934 -08 (2016) T 59 Distillation / D 6997 -12 T 78 -15 Sieve residue T 0652 -1993 D 6930 T 295 -13 density / D 6937 -16 particle size / D 6933 -13 Demulsification speed viscosity Evaporation residue

Specification comparison p Standard Test Methods comparison Test specification China E 20 ASTM AASHTO Ionic charge T 0653 -1993 D 244 T 59 Aggregate adhesion room temperature storage stability low temperature T 0654 -2011 D 244 T 59 T 0655 -1993 D 6930 T 59 T 0656 -1993 D 244 T 59 cement T 0657 -2011 D 6935 -11 T 59 aggregate T 0659 -2011 Mixing property US Mixing with water T 0655 -2011 D 244 T 59 water content(distillation) Draft D 244 T 59 l In China, many test methods has been using since the year of 1993

Test specification and Requirement p Viscosity u Test specification ü U. S----ASTM Ø Saybolt viscosity, Rotational viscosity Ø Rapid setting and middle setting: 50℃ Ø Slow setting and quick setting: 25℃ ü China Ø Angler viscosity: E 25, 25℃ Ø Standard viscosity C 25, 3, 25℃ l In China, spray emulsion that is usually applied at 50℃, the test temp is not very suitable.

Test specification and Requirement p Viscosity u Criterion ü US Category Test temperature （℃） Saybolt viscosity（s） Rotational viscosity（ mpa. s） Rapid Setting CRS-1 25 50 25 20~100 50 45~220 Middle Setting CRS-2 CMS-2 h CSS 1 / 100~400 CSS-1 h 50~450 20~100 / 45~220 110~990 / / 220~880 Quick Setting Slow Setting CQS-1 h ü China Spraying Category Standard viscosity （s） Angler viscosity Mixing Test temperature（℃） PC-1 PC-2 PC-3 BC-1 C 25，3 10~25 8~20 10~60 25℃ 2~10 1~6 2~30 l The criterion of viscosity between US and China has a large of differences because of the test requirement

Test specification and Requirement p Residue recovery method u Test Requirements ü US---ASTM D 6934/D 6997/ASTM D 7497: Method B Ø Distillation: 260℃， 15 min Ø Decompressing distillation: 135℃ Ø 60℃， 6 hr， Thin Film –silicone Mat ü China----JTG E 20 T 0651 Ø Heated by conventional electric stove Ø No definite test temperature in the process Ø 163℃ ± 3℃, 1 min, after confirmation of no water l US: Evaporation – Distillation — Low temp Evaporation l China: still retain Evaporation ü Influenced by many factors, Poor reproducibility, Aging risk

Test specification and Requirement p Residue u Criterion ü US Cationic emulsified asphalt Category Residue content（ %），≥ Penetration （25℃，0. 1 mm） Ductility （25℃，cm），≥ Solubility （%）, ≥ Rapid Setting CRS-1 CRS-2 60 Middle Setting CMS-2 h Slow Setting CSS-1 65 100~250 CSS-1 h Quick Setting CQS-1 h 57 40~90 100~250 40 97. 5 l Reclassification by residual content and penetration 40~90

Test specification and Requirement p Residue u Criterion ü China Cationic emulsified asphalt Category Residue content （%），≥ Penetration （25℃，0. 1 mm） Ductility （15℃，cm），≥ Solubility （%），≥ PC-1 Spraying PC-2 PC-3 Mixing BC-1 50 50 50 55 50~200 50~300 45~150 40 97. 5 l The largest difference is residue content l Ductility and solubility refer to ASTM standards

Test specification and Requirement p Aggregate adhesion u Test Requirements ü US Ø Aiming at middle setting AE Ø Mixing 5 min, take half to observe the adhesion, Ø The other half is washed with water to observe the adhesion ü China Ø Soak in water for 1 min. Soak in AE for 1 min, Take out and hang it for 24 h at room temperature. Ø Then boiled it at 100℃. Ø Take out and observe the adhesion l U. S: Pay attention to adhesion performance during mixing l China adopts water boiling method, similar to hot asphalt, refer to Europe standard.

Conclusion p 1. Update current Chinese asphalt emulsion specifications and practice and test methods u Promote low temperature evaporation u Develop varied specifications, design methods and best practice of asphalt emulsion for different pavement preservation treatments p 2. Keep up with SPG/EPG p 3. Make efforts towards to performance related specification

Wenfeng Wang wwf 35@jsti. com