Comparing Adjectives new light newer lighter newest lightest

Comparing Adjectives new light newer lighter newest lightest

What do these adjectives have in common? • novior • levior • peior • commodior The -ior lets us know that these adjectives are in comparative degree. novior = newer levior = lighter peior = worse commodior = more suitable

An adjective has 3 degrees: • positive (what’s usually given in a vocabulary list) • comparative (ior or ius added to base) • superlative (issimus, a, um added to base)

Forming COMPARATIVE Degree • to base of adjective: • • add ior for masc. and fem. forms add ius for neuter An adjective in comparative degree uses 3 rd declension endings:

Forming COMPARATIVE Degree N iorēs G ioris iorum D iorī ioribus Acc iorem iorēs Abl ioribus iore An adjective in comparative degree uses 3 rd declension endings: These are the forms for describing masculine and feminine nouns.

Forming COMPARATIVE Degree N ius iora G ioris iorum D iorī ioribus Acc ius iora Abl ioribus iore An adjective in comparative degree uses 3 rd declension endings: These are the forms for describing neuter nouns.

Make each adjective agree with its Latin noun. • newer viam • noviorem (novus, a, um) • more common supplicium • communius (communis, e) • rather uncertain exercituum • incertiorum (incertus, a, um) • stronger virōs (fortis, e) • fortiorēs

• Virum fortiorem quam Marcum video. quam = than Marcus

• Virum fortiorem quam Marcum video. • I see a man stronger than Marcus. quam = than Marcus

Forming SUPERLATIVE Degree • to base of adjective: • add issimus, issima, issimum • (We’ll learn a few exceptions later. )

Make each adjective agree with its Latin noun. • newest viam • novissimam (novus, a, um) • most common supplicium • communissimum (communis, e) • very uncertain exercituum • incertissimōrum (incertus, a, um) • strongest virōs (fortis, e) • fortissimōs

• Estne testudo animal tardissimum?

• Estne testudo animal tardissimum? • Is the turtle the slowest animal?

Ablative of Comparison • when using quam (than), both words being compared must be in same case • omit quam and use ablative case: Virum fortiorem quam Marcum video. Virum fortiorem Marcō video.

Review • positive degree – vocab. List • comparative degree – ior and ius added to base (-er, more, rather, too) • superlative degree – issimus, issima, issimum added to base (-est, most, very, exceedingly) • when comparing 2 things: use quam and same case OR omit quam and put 2 nd word in comparison in ablative case