COMPARATIVE PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION MPA 503 LECTURE 32 REVISION
COMPARATIVE PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION MPA 503 LECTURE 32 REVISION SESSION II
Elements of Compariso n Great Britain (Deferential USA (Participant FRANCE (classic administra tive system) JAPAN (adaptive Modernizing administrati on) INDIA (Mature Democracy) PAKISTAN (Developing Democracy) 1) Type of Constitutio n Unwritten and flexible, oldest constitution al system, blend of monarchy aristocracy and democracy convention and statues Written and rigid, oldest written, constitution, 2/3 votes of both houses required to amend Written and rigid, impact of French revolution a new constitution after every 12 years Written and rigid, Meiji constitution was authoritarian Renunciation of war Written and rigid, sovereign socialist, secular democratic republic Written and rigid, Islamic republic 2) Nature of state Unitary and monarchy, local governments vested with sufficient powers Federal and republic , Federation of 50 states with residuary power vested in the states Unitary and republic, all powers vested in a single supreme government, more unitary then Britain Unitary and monarchy, the Diet can expand or diminish authority of provincial governments Federal and republic, majority rule is tempered by minority rights protected by law Federal and republic, recent devolution of powers from higher to lower governments civic Culture) Civic Culture) 2
Elements of Great Britain (Deferential civic Culture) USA (Participa nt Civic Culture) FRANCE (classic administr ative system) JAPAN (adaptive Modernizing administrati on) INIDA (Mature Democracy) PAKISTAN (Developing 3) Type of Parliamentary House of commons is the powerful house Presidential Senate is the powerful house Quasi. Presidential The constitutio n does not specifically provide for any form of government Parliamentar y Emperor nominal executive by cabinet is the real executive Parliamentary Prime Minister is the real executive Parliamentar y Prime Minister is the real executive 4) Type of Bicameral ( Parliament - House of Lords & house of Commons) Bicameral (Diet-house of councilors ) Bicameral Raj Saba and Lok Saba Bicameral Senate and National Assembly Comparison Government Legislature ( Congresssenate & house of represent atives ) (Parliame nt – senate & National Assembly) Democracy) 3
Elements of Compariso n Great Britain (Deferent ial civic Culture) USA (Participa nt Civic Culture) FRANCE (classic administra tive system) JAPAN (adaptive Modernizing administrati on) INIDA (Mature Democracy) PAKISTAN (Developing Democracy ) 5) Model of Bureaucracy Weberian (patronage ) Weberian (spoil system) Weberian (merit base powerful, centralized) Previously Offices are sold Weberian (merit based elitist) Weberian ( merit based powerful) Weberian (merit based powerful) 6) Machinery for Redress of citizen’s grievances Parliament ary commissio ner for administra tion Whitley councils No special Machinery Administrati ve courts No special machinery Directorate of Public Grievances in the cabinet division Ombudsman Service tribunal 4
Elements of Comparis on Great Britain (Deferenti al civic Culture) USA (Participa nt Civic Culture) FRANCE (classic administra tive system) JAPAN (adaptive Modernizing administrati on) INIDA (Mature Democracy) PAKISTAN (Developin g Democrac y) 7) Less autonomy More autonomy No autonomy More autonomy Developing 8) Political Rights of Civil servants Restricted Enjoyed( bureaucrat s are allowed to politicize) Restricted limited Autonomy of local Governmen ts at higher level and permitted at lower level autonomy 5
Elements of Comparis on Great Britain (Deferenti al civic Culture) USA (Participa nt Civic Culture) FRANCE (classic administra tive system) JAPAN (adaptive Modernizing administrati on) INIDA (Mature Democracy) PAKISTAN (Developin g Democrac y) 9) Rights to strike of civil servants No denied legally Legally denied Legally permitted Legally denied Not allowed 10) Recruitme nt of civil savants Merit system High degree of centralizat ion Considere d and administra tive state Merit system 6
Elements of Comparis on Great Britain (Deferenti al civic Culture) USA (Participa nt Civic Culture) FRANCE (classic administra tive system) JAPAN (adaptive Modernizing administrati on) INIDA (Mature Democracy) PAKISTAN (Developin g Democrac y) 11) Right to Given Given given 60 -65 years 65 -70 years 60 years After retirement civil servants are adjusted in private sectors 60 years Association of civil servants 12) Retirement age for civil servant 7
Elements of Comparis on Great Britain (Deferenti al civic Culture) USA (Participa nt Civic Culture) FRANCE (classic administra tive system) JAPAN (adaptive Modernizing administrati on) INIDA (Mature Democracy) PAKISTAN (Developin g Democrac y) 13) Financial year April to March July to June Jan. to December April to March July to June 14) Type of Budget Single budget Plural Budget Single Budget Plural budget 8
Elements of Comparis on Great Britain (Deferenti al civic Culture) USA (Participa nt Civic Culture) FRANCE (classic administra tive system) JAPAN (adaptive Modernizing administrati on) INIDA (Mature Democracy) PAKISTAN (Developin g Democrac y) 15) Type of planning Capitalistic Capitalistic 16) Party system Two-party Multi-party 9
Elements of Comparis on Great Britain (Deferenti al civic Culture) USA (Participa nt Civic Culture) FRANCE (classic administrati ve system) JAPAN (adaptive Modernizin g administrat ion) INIDA (Mature Democrac y) PAKISTAN (Developing Democracy) 17) Political order Liberal- Liberaldemocracy Mature Developing democracy 18) Central planning machinery No Economic advisory council Planning Economic planning agency Planning commissi on Planning commission democracy centralized planning body democracy commissariat democracy 10
Elements of Compariso n Great Britain (Deferenti al civic Culture) USA (Participan t Civic Culture) 19) Central financial agency Treasury Office 20) Central Civil service recruitment commission FRANCE (classic administrati ve system) JAPAN (adaptive Modernizin g administrat ion) INIDA (Mature Democracy ) PAKISTAN (Developin g Democracy ) Ministry of finance and budget economy Ministry of finance Office of personnel manageme nt National personnel authority Union public service commissio n Federal public service commissio n management Ecole Nationaled’ administrati on 11
Elements of Comparis on Great Britain (Deferenti al civic Culture) USA (Participa nt Civic Culture) FRANCE (classic administra tive system) JAPAN (adaptive Modernizing administrati on) INIDA (Mature Democracy) PAKISTAN (Developin g Democrac y) 21) Central auditing agency Comptroller General Court of accounts Board of audit Auditorgeneral 22) Judicial Review Absent Present available and Auditor. General 12
Elements of Comparis on Great Britain (Deferentia l civic Culture) USA (Participa nt Civic Culture) FRANCE (classic administra tive system) JAPAN (adaptive Modernizing administrati on) INIDA (Mature Democracy) PAKISTAN (Developin g Democrac y) 23) Major Political Parties Conservative and Labour Democrati c and Communist, Republic an socialist, and Union for new Republic Democratic, Japan Socialist, democratic socialist, and communist Congress, Communist party of India, and BJP PML-N, Peoples party, PTI 24) Type of franchise Universal Adult franchise Universal adult franchise Universal adult franchise 13
Elements of Comparis on Great Britain (Deferenti al civic Culture) USA (Participan t Civic Culture) FRANCE (classic administr ative system) JAPAN (adaptive Modernizing administrati on) INIDA (Mature Democracy) PAKISTAN (Developin g Democrac y) 25) Central personnel agency Treasury (1612) and office of the Minister for Civil Service (1987) Office of Personnel Manageme nt (1978) Central Civil Service Directorat e (1946) National Personnel Authority (1949) Ministry of personnel Establish ment division 26) Executive Legislature Executive Government al organization regulated by 14
Elements of Comparison Great Britain (Deferenti al civic Culture) USA (Participa nt Civic Culture) FRANCE (classic administra tive system) JAPAN (adaptive Modernizing administrati on) INIDA (Mature Democracy) PAKISTAN (Developin g Democrac y) 28) Basic Administrative Unit Single Ministry Double Executive Single Ministry Single ministry Department 15
Elements of Compariso n Great Britain (Deferent ial civic Culture) USA (Participa nt Civic Culture) FRANCE (classic administrati ve system) JAPAN (adaptive Modernizin g administrat ion) INIDA (Mature Democracy ) 29) Central Training Agency Civil Service College (1969) No Central Training Agency Ecole nationaled’ Administrati on Institute of public National Civil Academy of service administratio Academy 30) Type of classificati on in civil service Rank Position administratio n PAKISTAN (Developin g Democracy ) n Rank 16
Elements of Compariso n Great Britain (Deferentia l civic Culture) USA (Participa nt Civic Culture) FRANCE (classic administrati ve system) JAPAN (adaptive Modernizin g administra tion) INIDA (Mature Democracy) PAKISTA N (Developi ng Democra cy) 31) Local County , ( Metropolitan / non metropolitan ) District( metropolitan/ non metropolitan ) Perishes / towns Borrows (London) County , Counties/ municipalit y, Department, Arrondisement, Canton, commune Prefecture , City town village, District, Zila Parishat, Mandal panchayat, Gram panchayat ( 3 million elected panchayat members) District, Tehsil , Union County Chairman Prefect Governor Administrativ e Officer Nazim government Tier 32) Top local Chief Executive City town/ township, Village, Special districts 17
Elements of Comparis on Great Britain (Deferenti al civic Culture) USA (Participa nt Civic Culture) FRANCE (classic administra tive system) JAPAN (adaptive Modernizing administrati on) INIDA (Mature Democracy) PAKISTAN (Developin g Democrac y) 33) Historical basis of recruitme nt Patronage system Spoils system System of Sale of Offices Patronage System Merit system 34) Head of the State King/Queen President Emperor President 18
Elements of Compariso n Great Britain (Deferenti al civic Culture) USA (Participa nt Civic Culture) FRANCE (classic administra tive system) JAPAN (adaptive Modernizing administrati on) INIDA (Mature Democracy) PAKISTAN (Developin g Democracy ) 35) More Powerful House Lower House Upper House Lower House 19
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