COMPARATIVE DEVELOPMENT EXPERIENCES OF INDIA its NeighboursPakistan China

COMPARATIVE DEVELOPMENT EXPERIENCES OF INDIA & its Neighbours(Pakistan, China) BIJU P MPGT ECONOMICS KV 2 , KOCHI

INTRODUCTION • The economic transformation that is taking place in different countries across the world partly because of the process of Globalization. SAARC Nations are forming regional and Global economic groupings such as SAARC( South Asian Association for regional Co-operation) Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Pak, Nepal, Srilanka and Afghanistan. ASEAN ( Association of south east Asian nations) Thailand, Indonesia, Malasia, Singapore, Phillippines, Brunei, Myanmar, Cambodia, vietnam , Darussalem, laos

G-8 The eight consisting of Canada France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Britain, & Northern Ireland, The USA and Russian federation. G-20 Group of developing countries Established to focus on issues relating to trade & Agriculture in the world Trade organization. The group includes- Argeentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, China, Cuba, Egypt, Guatemala, India, Indonesia, Maxico, Nigeria, Pak, Paraguay, Phillippines, South Africa, Thailand, Tanzania, Venezuela, and Zimbabwe)

Developmental Path -A Snapshot View India, Pakistan and China have many similarities in their developmental strategies- They started their developmental path at the same time – India Pakistan China Independent-1947 Peoples Republic of china was established in 1949 Announced First five year plan in 1951 -56 Plan called – medium term Plan announced in 1956 Announced its five year plan in 1953 Tenth Five plan -2002 -2007 Eleventh Five year plan 2007 -2012

CHINA

China : Historical Path of Developmental policies 1. After the establishment of People’s Republic of China under one party rule, all the critical sectors of the economy, enterprises and lands owned and operated by individual were brought under Govt. Control. 2. The Great Leap Forward (GLF) Campaign initiated in 1958, Aimed at industrializing the country on a massive scale. 3. People were encouraged to set up industries in their backyards. in Rural areas – Communes were started- Under commune system –people collectively cultivated lands. - GLF campaign met with many problems. A severe drought caused havoc in china killing about 30 million people.

Pakistan : At A glance Pak- follow the system of mixed economy with co-existence of public and private sectors. Introduced a variety of regulated policy framework In 1970 nationalization of capital goods industries took place Increasing outflow : During this period, Pak. also received financial support from western nations.

Demographic Indicators The population –According to 2000 -01 Country population Annual Sex Ratio growth of Population Density Per sq. K. M. India 1103. 6 Millions 1. 7 933 358 China 1303. 7 Millions 1. 0 937 138 Pak. 162. 4 2. 5 922 193 In China –One child norms – measures have been adopted to control population.

Growth of GDP (%) 1980 -2003 Country India China Pakistan 1980 -90 5. 7 10. 3 6. 3 2002 -03 5. 8 9. 7 3. 6 Sectoral share of employment and GDP (%) Sectors Agriculture Industry Service India 23 26 51 China 15 53 32 Pakistan 23 23 54

Indicators of Human Development 2003 Items India China Pakistan 1. Human development Index(Value) 0. 602 0. 755 0. 527 2. 127 85 135 3. Life expectancy at Birth(years) 63. 3 71. 6 63. 0 4. Adult Literacy Rate (% aged 15 &above) 61. 0 90. 9 48. 7 5. Pepole below poverty line 34. 7 16. 6 13. 4 6. Infant mortality rate 63 30 81 Rank

Development Strategies – An Appraisal : Reforms initiated in : China – 1978 Pakistan- 1988 India 1991 India Democratic institutions has performed moderately. All of them (till the late 1970) were maintaining the same level of low development but after that these three Nations have achieved different level of success : Pakistan too has failed to perform well because of political instability over dependence on remittances and foreign aid. China has used the market mechanism without losing political commitment and has succeded in raising the level of growth along with alleviation of poverty.