COMP 7790 Web 2 0 3 0 Dickson

COMP 7790 Web 2. 0 & 3. 0 Dickson K. W. Chiu Ph. D, SMIEEE Original by: Freek Bijl 1

Overview n It takes 10 years for Web 2. 0 to reshape the Web n n n Might be the same for Web 3. 0 still not mature Both are evolving technology frameworks Dickson Chiu 2011 COMP 7790 Web-2

Where are we now? www. digitalrhetoric. org/course/web 1 to 3. jpg Dickson Chiu 2011 COMP 7790 Web-3

Web 1. 0 - info-centric n When the web was in its early days, we didn’t know exactly what to show on a computer screen n n Web 1. 0 was all about our search for online viability Characterized by info-centric n n n A company card? A button? A shop? separate static websites one-way broadcasting. Widely used between 1998 and 2001, and it is still used beside Web 2. 0 in almost all web sites. Dickson Chiu 2011 COMP 7790 Web-4

Web 2. 0 - people-centric n n n When we got a grip on the technical part, the real possibilities of the web became more clear. We discovered the power of networks. Web 2. 0 has no single definition but can be explained through a series of Internet trends, one being the empowerment of the user. However, to meet the requirements of the general public, it should be people-centric Web treated as a platform Dickson Chiu 2011 COMP 7790 Web-5

The power of links Dickson Chiu 2011 COMP 7790 Web-6

The power of collaboration Dickson Chiu 2011 COMP 7790 Web-7

The power of content and reach Dickson Chiu 2011 COMP 7790 Web-8

The power of friends Dickson Chiu 2011 COMP 7790 Web-9

Key Web 2. 0 Features n Rich Internet Application (RIA) n n Social Networking - Anyone can participate in the content creation User-generated content, collaboration, & community n n graphical point of view or usability point of view e. g. , AJAX and Flash Content isn’t fixed publication—it changes daily Service orientation & Mashups (see next slide) n More companies enter the emerging Saa. S Dickson Chiu 2011 COMP 7790 Web-10

Web 2. 0 Mashups n n n Development and utilization of Web services Most sites you visit have web services running in the background These services allow you to integrate data between sites through API’s such as you see on Flickr and Amazon A web application combines data from more than one source into a single integrated tool. Example is the use of cartographic data from Google Maps to add location information to restaurant data (Openrice. com), thereby creating a new and distinct web service that was not originally provided by either source Dickson Chiu 2011 COMP 7790 Web-11

Web 2. 0 Example Sites Social networking sites: Facebook, My. Space, Hi 5, … etc. Tagging or Labeling Content: Del. icio. us. Wikis: Wikipedia. Community-generated content: e. Bay. Open Services: Google. P 2 P: Bit Torrent. New Web technologies: XML, RSS, Ajax. Open Source Software: Sourceforge Dickson Chiu 2011 COMP 7790 Web-12

Academia & Business Coined 2. 0 s hinchcliffe. org/img/web 2 tree. jpg Dickson Chiu 2011 COMP 7790 Web-13

Web 2. 0 Company Characteristics n Harnessing the collective intelligence and taking advantage of network effects n Google: the link structure of the web n Amazon: our reviews of their products n Ebay: our willingness to engage in commerce n n Flikr and de. li. cious: our ability to classify artifacts Wikipedia: our desire to exchange knowledge Dickson Chiu 2011 COMP 7790 Web-14

Web 2. 0 – Inevitable Trough of disillusionment hinchcliffe. org/img/web 2 tough. jpg Dickson Chiu 2011 COMP 7790 Web-15

Web 2. 0 vs 3. 0 n n Web 2. 0 is all about the power of networks Basically, web 2. 0 is a social change. The technical part of the web hasn’t changed very much. But, web 3. 0 will be driven by technological changes Web 3. 0 - the semantic web - is about the meaning of information. Dickson Chiu 2011 COMP 7790 Web-16

Web 3. 0 n Web 3. 0 – By Spalding 2007 n n highly specialized information silos, moderated by personality, validated by community and inclusion of meta data through widgets The evolutionary stage of Web 2. 0 Lack of standards and unified framework Share some attributes with Web 2. 0 n n Transformation Ubiquitous computing Openness Intelligence Dickson Chiu 2011 COMP 7790 Web-17

Pillars of Web 3. 0 n Tagging n n n Adding meta data to index and describe resource Web 3. 0 allows not only text search, but also images, audio and video Sub-search engine pull feeds automatically for you High level of personalized vocabularies and structure Microformats n n n Define semantic vocabularies by user Variety of options: RDF, XML, XFN Bridge the gap between understandings by human and machine Dickson Chiu 2011 COMP 7790 Web-18

Web 3. 0 evolution paths n n n Different meanings are intended to describe the evolution of Web usage Emphasize a machine-facilitated understanding of information on the Web. Interaction between the many possible evolutionary paths: n n n Semantic Web (main starting point) Video Web 3 D Ubiquitous and Pervasive Web Expansion of Saa. S Dickson Chiu 2011 COMP 7790 Web-19

Web 3. 0 - Semantic Web n Refer to our earlier lectures Dickson Chiu 2011 COMP 7790 Web-20

Web 3. 0 – Video Web Spatial Media Fragments n Video Content Reed Hasting, the founder and CEO of Netflix, described Web 3. 0 as being the full-video Web that will be made possible by the increasing growth in bandwidth available to customers that will allow transmission of full movies over the Web. Dickson Chiu 2011 COMP 7790 Web-21

Web 3. 0 – 3 D Web n Thousands of users worldwide linger in n n 3 D-worlds like Second Life or 3 D-Games such as Entropiauniverse and Active worlds. Philip Rosedale, founder of Second Life, believes that one day 1500 million people will have a second existence. The adding of the third dimension will shift the internet into a hyper-realistic parallel world. http: //www. internet 3 d. org Dickson Chiu 2011 COMP 7790 Web-22

Web 3. 0 – Ubiquitous / Pervasive Web “Our Vision of Web 3. 0 is to link data and devices in new ways to achieve new insights, greater efficiencies, economic benefits and improved quality of life” Steve Bratt. “The Web 3. 0 will see applications that are pieced together, fast, customizable, run on any device, and most importantly, disseminate virally–through social networks” Eric Schmidt, CEO of Google Dickson Chiu 2011 COMP 7790 Web-23

Web 3. 0 – Saa. S and Clouds n n 10 years coming – client-server to Saa. S User contributed code /omni-functions Multi-tenant Internet super applications Super apps utilized by enterprises n n n Building massively scalable data centers that are secure, reliable, and highly available is very complex and expensive. Traditional client-server software development is still a painful and complex process Deployment of applications is still difficult and the cost of maintenance is expensive Dickson Chiu 2011 COMP 7790 Web-24

Advantage of Cloud Computing • • No need to purchase application servers and a small army to fine tune and maintain them Software developers won’t have to build a security and sharing model. The cloud provides these items Ease of deployment, and depth of functionality More time given to functionality and meeting client needs Dickson Chiu 2011 COMP 7790 Web-25

Web History and Future Dickson Chiu 2011 COMP 7790 Web-26

Stamp Example - Background n n Suppose, I am a stamp collector. . . Over the years I’ve collected a lot of stamps. About every stamp, I made a document That’s a lot of documents Dickson Chiu 2011 COMP 7790 Web-27

Stamp Example - Search n n How can I find a specific stamp? Google? This is the web we have today: a huge collection of documents The words of all those documents are indexed. We can search for keywords. Dickson Chiu 2011 COMP 7790 Web-28

Stamp Example – Google Search n n Now, suppose I Google for all red stamps Not very intelligent… Red stamps Stamps from Cambodia (Khmer Rouge) Stamps from the Red Sea Stamps from the 140 th anniversary of the Red Cross Stamps with red dragons Dickson Chiu 2011 COMP 7790 Web-29

Stamp Example – Structural Meaning n n Not very intelligent, but how can a computer know what I mean? When we structurally describe that a stamp is a stamp and red is a color. Describing data in a structured way can best be done in a database. Different databases can be connected. Dickson Chiu 2011 COMP 7790 Web-30

Stamp Example – All about a Stamp In 1980 you could buy this stamp for 1 cent This is a stamp Now it’s worth 3 euros This stamp is from the United Kingdom This stamp is used between 1978 - 1981 The picture on the stamp is a PO Box This stamp is designed by John Bryan Dunmore Dickson Chiu 2011 COMP 7790 Web-31

Stamp Example – Databases Integration n n A database with stamps A database with countries A database with colours A database with stamp traders Dickson Chiu 2011 COMP 7790 Web-32

Stamp Example – Web 3. 0 as Databases Integration n n One view of Web 3. 0 is the web being a big collection of databases which can be connected on demand. Agreements are made on the structure of data and the way data is described. Where the data is located is irrelevant. Linking data is the power of web 3. 0. So, “I want all the red stamps, designed in Europe, but used in the U. S. A. , between 1980 and 1990” is a question that will get a better answer with web 3. 0 Dickson Chiu 2011 COMP 7790 Web-33

A broader view of Web 3. 0 n n n The previous view of Web 3. 0 is a ‘narrow’ one. Like Web 2. 0, Web 3. 0 stands for a range of developments. E. g. : A fast broadband connection to the Internet, always and everywhere. Open source techniques and free data (Data as a Service) Open identities Software as a Service (e. g. , Google docs) Dickson Chiu 2011 COMP 7790 Web-34

Why do we want to add meaning to data ? n n When a computer understands what data means, it can do intelligent search, reasoning and combining. This makes our life easier. Dickson Chiu 2011 COMP 7790 Web-35

Some Technologies of Web 3. 0 n n n RDF XML URI SPARQL XDI XRI SWRL XFN OWL API OAUTH Dickson Chiu 2011 COMP 7790 Web-36

XML n n n Meaning is about understanding. To understand we need a language. A language starts with words. Things mean something in words. Online, we describe things with XML. Dickson Chiu 2011 COMP 7790 Web-37

XML - Example <? xml version="1. 0" encoding="ISO-8859 -1"? > <collection name=”My stamp collection"> <stamp> <title>Red dragon</title> <country>China</country> <year>1984</year> </stamp> <title>PO Box</title> <country>England</country> <year>1992</year> </stamp> </collection> Dickson Chiu 2011 COMP 7790 Web-38

RDF and RDF Schema n Resource Description Framework (RDF) n n n RDF Schema is a vocabulary description language n n We can’t understand words alone RDF is a data model for objects and relations between them In addition, online grammar is required Describes classes and properties of RDF resources Provides semantics for generalization hierarchies of properties and classes With RDF Schema we can define concepts and make simple relations between them. Dickson Chiu 2011 Semantic Web-39

RDF Example This stamp is from England Predicate object subject hence from Europe. Dickson Chiu 2011 Semantic Web-40

RDF Schema Example Stamp Country from in Continent Dickson Chiu 2011 Semantic Web-41

OWL n n But, RDF schema is limited. A language needs more expression and logic to make good reasoning possible. n relations between classes n n e. g. , disjointness cardinality n e. g. “exactly one” richer typing of properties That’s why OWL (The Web Ontology Language) was invented. characteristics of properties (e. g. , symmetry) BOTH OWL and RDF are standards of www. w 3. org n n n Þ Ontology Dickson Chiu - update 2011 Metadata - 42

SWRL n n Finally, to reason you need rules. Rules are formulated in SWRL (Semantic Web Rule Language) Dickson Chiu 2011 COMP 7790 Web-43

SWRL Example n n I I got this stamp from my uncle. The rule for calling someone my uncle is that one of my parents has a brother. son of <ruleml: imp> <ruleml: _rlab ruleml: href="#example 1"/> <ruleml: _body> <swrlx: individual. Property. Atom swrlx: property="has. Parent"> <ruleml: var>x 1</ruleml: var> <ruleml: var>x 2</ruleml: var> </swrlx: individual. Property. Atom> <swrlx: individual. Property. Atom swrlx: property="has. Brother"> <ruleml: var>x 2</ruleml: var> <ruleml: var>x 3</ruleml: var> </swrlx: individual. Property. Atom> </ruleml: _body> <ruleml: _head> <swrlx: individual. Property. Atom swrlx: property="has. Uncle"> <ruleml: var>x 1</ruleml: var> <ruleml: var>x 3</ruleml: var> </swrlx: individual. Property. Atom> </ruleml: _head> </ruleml: imp> mother or father Dickson Chiu 2011 brother COMP 7790 Web-44

SPARQL n n n Suppose, I want to search for a specific stamp. “I want all the red stamps, designed in Europe, but used in the U. S. A. , between 1980 and 1990” We can use SPARQL (Protocol and RDF Query Language). Dickson Chiu 2011 COMP 7790 Web-45

URI n n Because the web is decentralized and data is in many places, not only language is important. Exchange of data between different machines is key. To make a connection a machine needs a source. For this, we use resource identifiers. Best known resource identifier is the URI n which consists of a name (urn) and a location (url) URN URI URL http: //www. mystampcollection. com/redpobox Dickson Chiu 2011 COMP 7790 Web-46

XRI & XDI n n URIs have international limitations and the need for data-exchange between machines is rapidly growing. There is a successor: XRI (Extensible Resource Identifier) There is a standard for sharing, linking and synchronizing data. This standard is called XDI (XRI Data Interchange). Dickson Chiu 2011 COMP 7790 Web-47

OAuth API n n However, data is often protected. We need consent and a key to gain access. The key to certain data is described in an API (an application programming interface). An open standard for accessing (authentication) the API is OAuth. Dickson Chiu 2011 COMP 7790 Web-48

Web 3. 0 Expectations n n n A clever and on-demand friend who is able to lead, advice, negotiate and support the user honestly. Could be embedded in the smart devices, enabling the user to use his home, car or mobile remotely, safely and correctly. Affect our daily life and blur our real life with a virtual web site applications and services as Ubiquitous Web. Dickson Chiu 2011 COMP 7790 Web-49

Example Web 3. 0 n Freebase • n Amazon (“If you liked this, you will like this!” • n http: //www. freebase. com http: //www. amazon. com Netvibes (pull your Web 2. 0 apps together!) • http: //www. netvibes. com Dickson Chiu 2011 COMP 7790 Web-50

Possible Impact on E-business n n Shift from traditional information broadcast medium to service channels Satisfy needs of customers: n n n Autonomy Independence Relatedness Feedback Entertainment Examples: IBM, BMW create virtual communities for customers Dickson Chiu 2011 COMP 7790 Web-51

Summary n n n Web 3. 0 shifts the Web from informational medium into service oriented, community based, intelligent medium Semantics help integrate anything (people, computers, and systems), anywhere, anytime Web 3. 0 takes years to be fully-fledged Forces E-business to restructure their business process Web 3. 0 applications help to retain customers and gain competitive advantages Dickson Chiu 2011 COMP 7790 Web-52