Comp 15 Usability Human Factors Unit 9 Ubiquitous

Comp 15 - Usability & Human Factors Unit 9 - Ubiquitous Computing in Healthcare This material was developed by Columbia University, funded by the Department of Health and Human Services, Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology under Award Number 1 U 24 OC 000003.

Overview History of Ubiquitous Computing Basic principles Examples of ubicomp in healthcare • Clinical settings • Patient-centric technologies Technical challenges Component 15/Unit 9 Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 2. 0/Spring 2011 2

History of Ubiquitous Computing Three waves of computing • Mainframes (one main processor, many terminals) • Personal computing (one computer for one person) • Ubiquitous computing = many computers on and around each individual • Mobile computing (PDA, cell phone, etc. ) • Pervasively embedded in the environment (smart environments) • Wearable computing Component 15/Unit 9 Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 2. 0/Spring 2011 3

Original Vision Xerox PARC, Mark Weiser Ubicomp project began in 1988 “the most profound technologies are those that disappear” • Paper • Writing Vision for computing technologies that are so commonplace that they disappear from people’s conscious attention Component 15/Unit 9 Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 2. 0/Spring 2011 4

Original Vision (cont. ) • Computing by the inch (PDA, smart phone, mobile phone, voice recorder, etc. ) Component 15/Unit 9 Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 2. 0/Spring 2011 5

Original Vision (cont. ) • Computing by the foot Component 15/Unit 9 Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 2. 0/Spring 2011 6

Original Vision (cont. ) • Computing by the yard Component 15/Unit 9 Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 2. 0/Spring 2011 7

Version of Ubicomp Computing on the body (wearable computing) Computing in the environment (ubicomp) Component 15/Unit 9 Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 2. 0/Spring 2011 8

Challenges Natural input Component 15/Unit 9 Contextaware computing Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 2. 0/Spring 2011 Automated capture and access 9

Natural Input Computing distributed in environment requires naturalistic interaction patterns • • Voice recognition Handwriting Gesture Tangible computing (interact with computing as with physical environment) Component 15/Unit 9 Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 2. 0/Spring 2011 10

Context-Aware Computing Delivery of information and services based on the automatically sensed context Multiple definitions of context Success often depends on three factors Accuracy of context information sensed by the system Who, when, where, etc. Correctness of interpretation or knowing what action to take in a particular context Consequence of performing this action Component 15/Unit 9 Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 2. 0/Spring 2011 11

Capture and Access Using technology to capture the flow of activities in real time and provide access to the records on demand • Often used for capturing meetings, or brainstorming sessions • In healthcare: documenting patientdoctor encounters Component 15/Unit 9 Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 2. 0/Spring 2011 12

Pervasive Healthcare Application of ubiquitous computing technologies for healthcare Making healthcare available everywhere, anytime, and to anyone (ref) Component 15/Unit 9 Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 2. 0/Spring 2011 13

Pervasive Healthcare (cont. ) Acute care settings – digital hospital • RFID for patient tracking • Context-aware clinical environments Component 15/Unit 9 Patient-centric technologies – health and wellness • Telemedicine (IDEATell) • Digital Family Portrait • MAHI • Ubi. Fit Garden Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 2. 0/Spring 2011 14

Improving. Prevent Patient Safety RFID patient tracking systems Component 15/Unit 9 errors (wrong medication to wrong patient) Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 2. 0/Spring 2011 Streamline billing (automatic tracking of procedures) 15

Context-Aware Surgery Room Main focus: improving patient safety Providing the right information at the right time in the right place (pertinent patient data) Drawing attention to information of concern (warnings of drug allergies, etc. ) utilizing surgical context (physical and clinical) Component 15/Unit 9 Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 2. 0/Spring 2011 16

Patient-Centric Technologies Remote monitoring Case manager Education, recommendations, adjustments to care-plan Component 15/Unit 9 Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 2. 0/Spring 2011 17

Health and Wellness Digital Family Portrait • Georgia Institute of Technology Helping adult children maintain awareness of well-being of their parents • Activity of parents is sensed by motion detection sensors • Abstract visualization creates pattern without violating privacy Component 15/Unit 9 Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 2. 0/Spring 2011 18

Health and Wellness (cont. ) MAHI (Georgia Institute of Technology) Assistance with diabetes management • Mobile phone for capture of experiences (pictures of meals, voice records) • Integration with glucose monitor • Website for review with diabetes educator Component 15/Unit 9 Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 2. 0/Spring 2011 19

Health and Wellness (cont. ) Ubi. Fit Garden • Intel Monitoring physical activity • On the body monitoring • A variety of physical activity types Ambient display on a mobile phone • Aesthetically pleasing visualization • Monitoring accomplishments • Reward for achievement of goals Component 15/Unit 9 Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 2. 0/Spring 2011 20

Conclusion Ubiquitous computing is an important and rapidly growing area that has potential to make significant impact on how healthcare is delivered within and outside of clinical settings. However, many challenges remain to its successful penetration: • Many of these technologies rely on natural input such as voice or gesture, which is not always accurate and may be hindered by fragmented internet connectivity. As new enabling technologies become available, however, better applications of ubiquitous and pervasive computing will be invented. Component 15/Unit 9 Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 2. 0/Spring 2011 21