Comp 15 Usability Human Factors Unit 12 b

Comp 15 - Usability & Human Factors Unit 12 b - Information Visualization This material was developed by Columbia University, funded by the Department of Health and Human Services, Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology under Award Number 1 U 24 OC 000003.

Hypervariate data sets Common problem: many data sets are too large to visualize on one screen Solution: overview of the whole set and details of the selected subset Implementation: scaling (in space or time) Scaling in space: use different portion of the screen to show overview of the whole data set and detail of the selected subset Component 15/Unit 12 b Scaling in time: alternate between overview of the whole set and detail of the selected subset sequentially in the same space Health IT Workforce Curriculum 2. 0/Spring 2011 Version 2

Scaling Variation in space • Can overview and detail co-exist in the same space? • Distortion • Fish-eye view • Bifocal display • Perspective wall Component 15/Unit 12 b Health IT Workforce Curriculum 2. 0/Spring 2011 Version 3

Scaling Fish-Eye Fisheye view • George Furnas 1981 • Shneiderman: • Provide[s] detailed view (focus) and overview (context) without obscuring anything… The focus area (or areas) is magnified to show detail, while preserving the context, all in the single display. 1 D Fisheye 2 D Fisheye Component 15/Unit 12 b Health IT Workforce Curriculum 2. 0/Spring 2011 Version 4

Scaling Fish-Eye (cont. ) Fish-eye view • Examples: Fish-eye views for long menus Bederson UIST’ 00 http: //www. cs. umd. edu/hcil/fisheyemenu/ Component 15/Unit 12 b Health IT Workforce Curriculum 2. 0/Spring 2011 Version 5

Scaling Fish-Eye (cont. ) Fish-eye views • Examples: Fish-eye views for graphs http: //www. aisee. com/manual/unix/29. htm Component 15/Unit 12 b Health IT Workforce Curriculum 2. 0/Spring 2011 Version 6

Scaling Bifocal display • First suggested by Spence and Apperley (1980) Component 15/Unit 12 b Health IT Workforce Curriculum 2. 0/Spring 2011 Version 7

Scaling Bifocal (cont. ) Bifocal display • Examples Early implementation Spence – 1980? http: //www. iis. ee. ic. ac. uk/~r. spence/videos. htm Component 15/Unit 12 b Health IT Workforce Curriculum 2. 0/Spring 2011 Version 8

Scaling Perspective Wall • Perspective Wall Bifocal display Component 15/Unit 12 b Health IT Workforce Curriculum 2. 0/Spring 2011 Perspective wall Version 9

Scaling Perspective Wall (cont. ) Perspective Wall Examples: • Map work charts onto diagram • x-axis is time, y-axis is project Component 15/Unit 12 b • (Mackinlay, Robertson, Card ’ 91) Health IT Workforce Curriculum 2. 0/Spring 2011 Version 10

Scaling Perspective Wall (cont. ) Perspective wall Examples: • File navigation • http: //www. cs. ubc. ca/~tmm/courses /cpsc 533 c-03 spr/0127. quanzh engeng. ppt Component 15/Unit 12 b Health IT Workforce Curriculum 2. 0/Spring 2011 Version 11

Time Scaling Variatio n in time Magic Lens Panning and Zooming Component 15/Unit 12 b Health IT Workforce Curriculum 2. 0/Spring 2011 Version 12

Magic Lens Scaling Magic Lens http: //www 2. parc. com/istl/projects/ Magic. Lenses/Sim ple. Demo. html Component 15/Unit 12 b Health IT Workforce Curriculum 2. 0/Spring 2011 Version 13

Panning & Zooming Scaling Panning and Zooming • Panning – smooth movement of camera across scene (or scene moves and camera stays still) • Zooming – increasing or decreasing the magnification of the objects in a scene • http: //www. cs. umd. edu/hcil/jazz/play/hinote 0. 5/jazz-mid-talk. html Component 15/Unit 12 b Health IT Workforce Curriculum 2. 0/Spring 2011 Version 14

Hierarchies and Trees Definition • Data repository in which cases are related to subcases Component 15/Unit 12 b Hierarchies in the world • Family histories • File/directory • Organizational chart • Object-oriented software classes Health IT Workforce Curriculum 2. 0/Spring 2011 Version Main representation • Node-link • Space-filling 15

Node-link Hierarchies Root at top Image source: “Data structures and file handling: Tree-Maps: a space-filling approach to the visualization of hierarchical information structures”, Brian Johnson, Ben Shneiderman Component 15/Unit 12 b Health IT Workforce Curriculum 2. 0/Spring 2011 Version 16

Node-link Hierarchies Examples Problems • Quickly fills out screen real estate • Difficult to maintain overview of the structure Component 15/Unit 12 b Health IT Workforce Curriculum 2. 0/Spring 2011 Version 17

Node-link Hierarchies Potential solutions Component 15/Unit 12 b • Cone Trees (PARC, Robertson, Mackinlay, Card) Health IT Workforce Curriculum 2. 0/Spring 2011 Version 18

Space-filling Treemap examples Component 15/Unit 12 b Health IT Workforce Curriculum 2. 0/Spring 2011 Version 19

Time Series Data Definition Standard presentation • Data sets with one variable being the time of the event • Could be uni- or hypervariable • Data mining – looking for patters • Visualization – looking for visual patterns Component 15/Unit 12 b Health IT Workforce Curriculum 2. 0/Spring 2011 Version 20

Time Series Data (con’t) Examples • Predictive calendars • http: //research. sun. com/research/netcomm/rhythm. Awareness. html Component 15/Unit 12 b Health IT Workforce Curriculum 2. 0/Spring 2011 Version 21

Time Series Data (con’t) One issue – temporal data is often periodic (cycles – daily, weekly, yearly, etc. ) Linear display is problematic for periodic data Potential answer – spiral display Component 15/Unit 12 b Health IT Workforce Curriculum 2. 0/Spring 2011 Version 22

Time Series Data (con’t) Additional benefit of spiral display – discovering periodicity in data Component 15/Unit 12 b Health IT Workforce Curriculum 2. 0/Spring 2011 Version 23

Interaction and Dynamic Queries Data transformation • Details on demand • Dynamic query Component 15/Unit 12 b Health IT Workforce Curriculum 2. 0/Spring 2011 Version 24

Interaction and Dynamic Queries (con’t) Data transformation • Details on demand • Details could be removed from the main view for different reasons (mainly due to scaling issues) Component 15/Unit 12 b Health IT Workforce Curriculum 2. 0/Spring 2011 Version 25

Interaction and Dynamic Queries (con’t) Data transformation • Dynamic queries • Visual representation of all possible objects and actions • Rapid, incremental and reversible actions • Direct manipulation is favored (selection by pointing, not typing) • Specifying a query brings immediate display of results • Responsive interaction (< 0. 1 sec) • Classic example: • Home. Finder – 1992, University of Maryland, Human Computer Interaction Lab (Ben Shneiderman) Component 15/Unit 12 b Health IT Workforce Curriculum 2. 0/Spring 2011 Version 26

Information Visualization in Medicine Purpose: Prevent information overload and allow Visually magnify subtle members of clinical staff Visually present medical aspects of the diagnostic, to master large quantities data in more intuitive, therapeutic, patient of information easy to understand, management and healing • Luca Chittaro, “Information learn, recognize, navigate process which otherwise Visualization and its Application and manage formats could be difficult to notice to Medicine” • Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, vol. 22(2), 2001, pp. 81 -88 Component 15/Unit 12 b Health IT Workforce Curriculum 2. 0/Spring 2011 Version 27

Information Visualization in Medicine (con’t) Examples • The Visible Human Explorer (http: //www. cs. umd. edu/ hcil/visiblehuman/vhe. shtml) Component 15/Unit 12 b Health IT Workforce Curriculum 2. 0/Spring 2011 Version 28