Comp 15 Usability and Human Factors Unit 1

Comp 15 - Usability and Human Factors Unit 1 b - People and Technology, Studies of Technology This material was developed by Columbia University, funded by the Department of Health and Human Services, Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology under Award Number 1 U 24 OC 000003.

Patient Safety Institute of Medicine Report: • Freedom from accidental injury • 98, 000 preventable deaths due to human error • Institute Medicine • Eighth leading cause of death Freedom fromof accidental injury Report: – 98, 000 preventable deaths due to human error – Eighth leading cause of death • “Given the complexity of health care and the formidable obstacles it presents to change, to overcome theseof health barriers and createobstacles a safeit “Given the complexity care and the formidable presents to change, toindeed overcome these barriers and create aultimate safe culture does seem to be the does indeed seem to be the ultimate challenge for those who specialize in human factors”who (Lucianspecialize Leape, 1994) challenge for those in human factors” (Lucian Leape, 1994) Component 15/Unit 1 b Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 2. 0/Spring 2011 2

Annual Death Rates in US Component 15/Unit 1 b Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 2. 0/Spring 2011 3

Medical Device Errors • FDA recognizes most user errors with medical devices are: – Influenced by device design and device labeling – Not "inevitable human error" Component 15/Unit 1 b Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 2. 0/Spring 2011 4

FDA Device Reports Component 15/Unit 1 b Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 2. 0/Spring 2011 5

Glucose Monitors Component 15/Unit 1 b Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 2. 0/Spring 2011 6

Digital Divide • Socioeconomic and demographic divisions between computer users and nonusers – Elderly adults over age 65 – Earn less than $25, 000 – Hispanics and African Americans – Rural populations – Education less than high school A Nation Online (2002) Component 15/Unit 1 b Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 2. 0/Spring 2011 7

Community-Related Initiatives Component 15/Unit 1 b Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 2. 0/Spring 2011 8

Community-Related Initiatives (cont. ) Component 15/Unit 1 b Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 2. 0/Spring 2011 9

Telemedicine Device Component 15/Unit 1 b Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 2. 0/Spring 2011 10

Touch Screen Device Component 15/Unit 1 b Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 2. 0/Spring 2011 11

Design • A Plan or scheme conceived in mind and A plan/scheme conceived in mind & intended for execution intended for subsequent execution Tradeoffs balancing conflicting requirements • Generating alternatives • Use representations – Natural language, diagrams, prototypes • Natural language, diagrams, prototypes • Interaction Design Interaction design plan informed by product’s intended – Developing • Developing plan informed by product’s intended use, target domain & use, target domain and relevant practical considerations Component 15/Unit 1 b Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 2. 0/Spring 2011 12

Iterative Design Process • • • Needs analysis Develop alternatives Prototype Evaluate Implement Component 15/Unit 1 b Develop alternatives Prototype Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 2. 0/Spring 2011 13

User-Centered Design Component 15/Unit 1 b Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 2. 0/Spring 2011 14

Norman's Seven Stages of User Activity Component 15/Unit 1 b Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 2. 0/Spring 2011 15

Bridging Gulfs • Gulf of Execution – How do I … – Gap between user’s goals and state of system Gulf of Execution • Gulf of Evaluation • Gap between user’s goals & state–of. What system happened? • How do I… ? Gulf of Evaluation • Gap between observed & expected system state • What happened? – Gap between observed & expected system state Component 15/Unit 1 b Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 2. 0/Spring 2011 16

Sources of Usability Evidence • Basic Observation • Expert Review/Usability Inspection Expert review/usability inspection • End-User Observations observation –End-user Testing Situation • Testing situation • Video Capture and Review Video capture & review • Formal Coding –Formal Qualification and Quantification coding • Qualification & quantification Component 15/Unit 1 b Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 2. 0/Spring 2011 17