Community Ecology What is the difference between a
Community Ecology What is the difference between a population and a community?
Watch the video Competition Predation Symbiosis Succession Niche
Type of symbiotic relationships. v +/0 +/Name Harm- benefit Example +/+
https: //mediaplayer. pearsoncmg. com/asset s/secs-topic-overview-video-ecologicalorganization
Competition relationship: If two species are competing, What is the relationship between their niches? How will natural selection affect competition?
Predation Relationship: How do predators affect the size of the prey population? How do prey affect the predator population? In the predator species, what traits will natural selection select for? In the prey species, what traits will natural selection select for?
Figure 54. 5 (a) Mechanical defense (b) Chemical defense ▶ Porcupine ▶ Skunk (c) Aposematic coloration: warning coloration (d) Cryptic coloration: camouflage ◀ Poison dart frog (e) Batesian mimicry: A harmless species mimics a harmful one. ▶ Canyon tree frog (f) Müllerian mimicry: Two unpalatable species mimic each other. ▲ Venomous green parrot snake ◀ Nonvenomous hawkmoth larva ◀ Yellow jacket ◀ Cuckoo bee
Various adaptations that allow them to avoid or escape predators. The following examples demonstrate either mimicry, camouflage, mechanical defense, chemical, aposematic coloration . Sort the examples based on the type of predator avoidance they demonstrate. efense, or schooling
3. Which of the following is an example of aposematic coloration? a. the brightly colored patterns of monarch butterfly caterpillars b. green color of a plant c. a non-poisonous snake mimics the color of a poisonous one d. a katydid whose wings look like a dead leaf 4. Which of the following is an example of Batesian mimicry? a. a butterfly that resembles a leaf b. a fawn with fur coloring that camouflages it in the forest environment c. a nonvenomous larva of a moth that moves like a venomous snake d. a snapping turtle that uses its tongue to mimic a worm, thus attracting fish
Can humans benefit from some of these interactions? Can we borrow these adaptations to solve human problems?
Humans have been able to use these relationships for their own benefit 5. Watch the following videos and identify the type of interspecific relationship that we are burrowing and how we are using it: Video 1 Video 2
Can humans harm interactions in a community? Introducing new species in the community Removing species from the community
Wolves in Yellowstone
Predator removal can harm the environment Decreases diversity leads to deforestation Wolves, otters and sea stars are refereed to as Keystone species
What can happen when humans (intentionally or unintentionally) introduce a foreign species to a community? Fill out the chart Invasive or Introduced species US spends $137 billion spent each year for ALL invasive species.
Lets set the stage Season Vegetation Climate
What happens after a fire?
A disturbance event can start an Ecological Succession Why do some communities experience succession?
Types of Ecological Succession
Why do we have fires? 1 st Right ingredients 2 nd ecosystem depends on fires 3 rd community is adapted and depends on fire: • Grasses and some Shrubs: Seeds are in the soil and need fire to stimulate germination • Shrubs and some trees: re sprout from underground storage organs • Conifer trees: store their seed in their cones seeds are released after the fire opens them
Human Impact on this ecological succession § Fire suppression § Prescribed fires § Climate Change
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