Communism in China Communism a political system in

Communism in China • Communism -a political system in which the government owns all property and dominates all aspects of life in a country

The End of the Qing Dynasty • overthrown in 1912 by Sun Yat-sen (Sun Yixian) – Founded Kuomintang (KMT) – Nationalist party – Spread the idea of democracy in China – After Sun died he was replaced by Chiang Kai-Shek

Mao Zedong • Many young people felt that the new government did not bring order to China • Formed the Chinese Communist Party in 1921 • Believed peasants would be the true revolutionaries and recruits a peasant army

The Long March • Mao recruits a peasant guerilla army • 1933 Chiang’s army surrounds Mao’s army • Long March-Communist’s 6, 000 mile journey to safety in the north • Of the 100, 000 communists, only 7, 000 -8, 000 survive

Civil War Ends • Mao’s Red Army(Communists) defeats Chiang Kai- Shek (Nationalist) in 1949. • CHINA Becomes COMMUNIST • Nationalist flee to Taiwan where they find the Republic of China

The People’s Republic of China • Mao becomes the head of China’s new government • takes over all private farms, businesses, and factories

The Great Leap Forward • Farms organized into large collectives(public not private farms) • All ownership and decision making would be in the hands of the government • Farmers didn’t like farming land they did not own -production decreases • Widespread catastrophe – famine – at least 14, 000 deaths • Abandoned in 1960

Cultural Revolution (1966 -1976) • Some people began wanting private ownership • As a result Mao established a Red Guard(young college students) • Job was to make war on anything that encouraged class differences • Many college professors, business leaders were attacked and imprisoned.

Deng Xiaoping • Mao Zedong dies in 1976 • Deng Xiaoping leader from 1980 -1997 • More moderate • Allows farmers to own some land, some private business • Opened China to foreign investment and new technology • The result-Chinese people exposed to western ideas and democracy

Tiananmen Square Massacre • 1989 over 10, 000 students gathered to protest • called for a move to democracy • Chinese troops came and killed around 1, 000 demonstrators • The pro-democracy movement ended • Although Deng allowed greater economic freedoms, he did not allow greater political freedoms

China Today • Issues include: – Balancing limited capitalism with communist ideals – Environmental pollution – Unequal male-to-female ratios resulting from One -Child Policy – Control of Tibet many in the world upset due to the Dalai Lama(Tibet’s Religious Leader) being forced to flee in 1959.

Put these events on a timeline (label the event, describe, and draw a picture COMMUNISM TIMELINE • • • 1976 Mao Died 1979 “One couple, one child” policy 1928 Chiang Kai Shek took over China (Nationalist) 1949 Mao Zedong came to power 1966 -1976 Cultural Revolution 1980 -1997 Deng Xiaoping came to power 1989 Tiananmen Square Massacre 1933 Long March 1958 -1961 Great Leap Forward 1912 Sun Yat-sen founded the KMT (Nationalist Party)