Communication Tenth Edition Chapter 3 Connecting Self and

Learning Objectives (1 of 2) 3. 1 Differentiate among self-concept, selfimage, and self-esteem. 3.

Learning Objectives (2 of 2) 3. 5 Explain the roles of self-fulfilling prophecy and

Understanding Self-Concept (1 of 4) Learning Objective 3. 1: Differentiate among self-concept, self-image, and

Understanding Self-Concept (2 of 4) • Our self-concept is our perceived self. • It

Figure 3. 1: The Self-Concept Copyright © 2017, 2014, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All

Understanding Self-Concept (3 of 4) • Development of Self-Concept – Values are a person’s

Understanding Self-Concept (4 of 4) • Communication and Self-Concept – Communication affects our self-concept.

Figure 3. 2: Kinch’s Model of the Connection between Self-Concept and Communication Copyright ©

Social Media and Self-Concept (1 of 5) Learning Objective 3. 2: Identify social media

Social Media and Self-Concept (2 of 5) • Our attitude toward online communication also

Social Media and Self-Concept (3 of 5) • Online Self-Disclosure – Online self-disclosure is

Social Media and Self-Concept (4 of 5) • Convenience – Convenience is the ease

Social Media and Self-Concept (5 of 5) • Miscommunication – Miscommunication is the understanding

Culture and Self-Concept (1 of 2) Learning Objective 3. 3: Characterize the role of

Culture and Self-Concept (2 of 2) • Self-concept varies from one culture to another.

Gender and Self-Concept (1 of 3) Learning Objective 3. 4: Characterize the role of

Gender and Self-Concept (2 of 3) • Gender is a crucial element in our

Gender and Self-Concept (3 of 3) • Gender Stereotypes – Stereotypes and narrowly defined

Self-Fulfilling Prophecy and Impression Management (1 of 2) Learning Objective 3. 5: Explain the

Self-Fulfilling Prophecy and Impression Management (2 of 2) • Self-Fulfilling Prophecy – A self-fulfilling

Enhancing Self-Concept (1 of 2) Learning Objective 3. 6: Identify six ways to improve

Enhancing Self-Concept (2 of 2) • There are six ways you can improve self-concept:

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Learning Objectives (1 of 2) 3. 1 Differentiate among self-concept, selfimage, and self-esteem. 3. 2 Identify social media factors that influence self-concept. 3. 3 Characterize the role of culture in determining self-concept. 3. 4 Characterize the role of gender in determining self-concept. Copyright © 2017, 2014, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved

Learning Objectives (2 of 2) 3. 5 Explain the roles of self-fulfilling prophecy and impression management as they relate to self-concept. 3. 6 Identify six ways to improve self-concept. Copyright © 2017, 2014, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved

Understanding Self-Concept (2 of 4) • Our self-concept is our perceived self. • It consists of two components: – Self-image, a person’s mental picture of him- or herself – Self-esteem, a person’s feelings and attitudes toward him- or herself • Self-concept and perception are closely related. Copyright © 2017, 2014, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved

Understanding Self-Concept (3 of 4) • Development of Self-Concept – Values are a person’s perceived self. – Attitudes are evaluative feelings. – Beliefs are convictions or confidence in the truth of something that is not based on absolute proof. Copyright © 2017, 2014, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved

Understanding Self-Concept (4 of 4) • Communication and Self-Concept – Communication affects our self-concept. – Our perceptions of how others respond to us affect our self-concept. – Self-concept affects how we behave. – According to social psychologist John W. Kinch, our behavior is directly related to how others react to our behavior. – The personal-social identity continuum identifies the two ways the self can be categorized: at a personal level and at a social identity level. Copyright © 2017, 2014, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved

Social Media and Self-Concept (2 of 5) • Our attitude toward online communication also influences our self-concept. • This orientation toward social media is called online communication attitude. Researchers have identified five attitudes that shape how we approach communication through social media: – Online self-disclosure – Online social connection – Convenience – Online Communication Apprehension – Miscommunication Copyright © 2017, 2014, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved

Social Media and Self-Concept (3 of 5) • Online Self-Disclosure – Online self-disclosure is the degree to which an individual self-regulates what he or she reveals about him- or herself using social media. • Online Social Connection – Online social connection is the belief that online communication enables social contact. Copyright © 2017, 2014, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved

Social Media and Self-Concept (4 of 5) • Convenience – Convenience is the ease with which people connect with others through social media. • Online Apprehension – Online communication apprehension is anxiety and nervousness associated with communicating through social media. Copyright © 2017, 2014, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved

Social Media and Self-Concept (5 of 5) • Miscommunication – Miscommunication is the understanding that social media may naturally inhibit the clarity of communication. Copyright © 2017, 2014, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved

Culture and Self-Concept (2 of 2) • Self-concept varies from one culture to another. • It is determined by a combination of cultural norms and behaviors. – Individualistic orientation stresses self or personal goals. – Collectivistic orientation seeks the well-being of the group. Copyright © 2017, 2014, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved

Gender and Self-Concept (2 of 3) • Gender is a crucial element in our personal and social identity. • Sex and Gender – Terms are often used interchangeably. – Gender refers to socially constructed behaviors that are learned. – Sex is defined in biological terms. Copyright © 2017, 2014, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved

Gender and Self-Concept (3 of 3) • Gender Stereotypes – Stereotypes and narrowly defined role expectations are still accepted by many in Western culture and even more so in certain other cultures. • Gender Expectations – Sex differences in communication result from gender expectations. – Despite some strides toward equality of the sexes, many cultures still have a cultural bias toward masculinity. Copyright © 2017, 2014, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved

Self-Fulfilling Prophecy and Impression Management (1 of 2) Learning Objective 3. 5: Explain the roles of self-fulfilling prophecy and impression management as they relate to self-concept. Copyright © 2017, 2014, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved

Self-Fulfilling Prophecy and Impression Management (2 of 2) • Self-Fulfilling Prophecy – A self-fulfilling prophecy is the expectations we have of ourselves or that others have of us that help to create conditions that lead us to act predictably. • Impression Management – Impression management involves creating a positive image of oneself to influence others’ perception. – This process involves facework, the way we maintain our presenting image. Copyright © 2017, 2014, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved

Enhancing Self-Concept (2 of 2) • There are six ways you can improve self-concept: – Decide what you would like to change or improve about yourself. – Describe why you feel the way you do about yourself. – Make a commitment to improve or change. – Set reasonable goals for yourself. – Decide on the specific actions you are going to take. – Associate with positive people whenever possible. Copyright © 2017, 2014, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved