COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY November 11 2011 Are you smarter

COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY November 11, 2011 Are you smarter than an extraterrestrial space alien? "In the deepest sense the search for extraterrestrial intelligence is a search for ourselves. " - Carl Sagan IOT 2 -3 POLY ENGINEERING

Binary Numbers • Bits can be represented as: – – – – 1 or 0 On or Off Up or Down Open or Closed Yes or No Black or White Thick or Thin Long or Short

Listening to Aliens We are looking at aliens by examining electromagnetic spectrum Scientists use radio telescopes to analyze if any messages seem to be unnatural IOT 2 -2 POLY ENGINEERING

Talking to Aliens • In 1974 Scientists sent a deliberate message – 25, 000 light years away – 1679 bits of information • 23 columns • 78 rows – Frequency of 2380 MHz IOT – 10 bits/second 2 -2 POLY ENGINEERING

00000010100000010100000 0010010001001011001010101 0100100100000000000000000110000000000110100000000010101000000011111000000000000011100011000100000 00011001000011010001100001101011111011111000000000000 0010000000000000000000010000000001111110000011111000000000000110000110 0001110001000000000100001101 000011100110101111101111 1000000000000010000001100000000100000111111000000111110000000 00011000000010000000010000001100000001100000010 00000110000110000000011001 10000000110000110000011000000100000000100000100 00000110000100000000110000100000100000001000000000000110000000 01100000100011101011000000100000001000001111100000010111010010110110000001001111 111000011100000110111000001010000 01110110010000001010000011111100100000010 10000011000000110110000000000111000000000 0111010100010101001110000010101 01000000001010000000111110 00000000111110000001110000000000011000000011 010000010110000011001100 0010100000101000010001001000010001000000010000100000000010000000 1001010000001111001111101001111000 This is the binary code sent from Arecibo observatory on 16 November 1974. ? IOT 2 -3 POLY ENGINEERING

Cryptography (or cryptology; from Greek κρυπτός, kryptos, "hidden, secret"; and γράφω, gráphō, "I write", or -λογία, -logia, respectively) is the practice and study of hiding information. Modern cryptography intersects the disciplines of mathematics, computer science, and engineering. Applications of cryptography include ATM cards, computer passwords, and electronic commerce. IOT 2 -3 POLY ENGINEERING

The binary digits form a pattern of 41 columns by 41 rows, . . less two binary digits at the end. There a total of (41) =1681 less 2 , or 1679 binary digits. Of the 1679 binary digits, there are 397 ‘ones’ and 1282 ‘zeros’. There are two ways to arrange the 1679 binary digits as a pattern of rows and column using prime numbers: a pattern of 23 rows deep by 73 columns wide, or a pattern of 73 rows deep by 23 columns wide. 1679 is the product of two prime numbers: 23 and 73. 397 is a prime number. IOT 2 -3 POLY ENGINEERING

There are two ways to arrange the 1679 binary digits as a pattern of rows and column using prime numbers: a pattern of 23 rows deep by 73 columns wide, or a pattern of 73 rows deep by 23 columns wide. IOT 2 -3 POLY ENGINEERING

"Here is how we count from one to ten. Here are five atoms that we think are interesting or important: hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and phosphorus. Here are some ways to put these atoms together that we think interesting or important - the molecules thymine, adenine, guanine and cytosine, and a chain composed of alternating sugars and phosphates. These molecular building blocks are put together to form a long molecule of DNA comprising about four billion links in the chain. The molecule is a double helix. In some way this molecule is important for the clumsy looking creature at the center of the message. That creature is 14 radio wavelengths or 5 feet 9. 5 inches tall. There about four billion of these creatures on the third plant from our star. There are nine planets altogether, four big ones toward the outside and one little one at the extremity. This message is brought to you courtesy of a radio telescope 2, 430 wavelengths or 1, 004 feet in diameter. IOT Yours truly. " 2 -3 POLY ENGINEERING