Communication Department MLA DOCUMENTATION MLA DOCUMENTATION Welcome to

Communication Department MLA DOCUMENTATION

MLA DOCUMENTATION � Welcome to the Communication Department MLA Documentation Learning Module. � In this module you will review how to document reference materials used to write a research paper.

MLA DOCUMENTATION � Topics covered include: � Which style guide to use � Why to cite � When, what, and how to cite

MLA DOCUMENTATION � As you learn about documentation, you may feel overwhelmed. � You don’t have to memorize how to document each type of source material, you just have to know where to look. � A style guide will show you how to document all types of reference sources.

MLA Documentation WHICH STYLE GUIDE TO USE

WHICH STYLE GUIDE TO USE � Style guides are used to set the standard for writing within specific disciplines. � Style guides determine how to write what may otherwise be ambiguous. � Is it $100 or one hundred dollars? � Style guides also determine how sources need to be documented to give credit where credit is due.

WHICH STYLE GUIDE TO USE � There are many different style guides. � Guides are developed to support writing in specific subject areas or fields. � Each guide is the product of a professional association that supports the subject area or field. (Howard, 147 -199)

MANY STYLES, MANY GUIDES � Examples of different style guides: � American Anthropological Association, (AAA) � Associated Press, (AP) � American Psychology Association, (APA) � Chicago Manual of Style, (CMS) � Microsoft Manual of Style, (MMS) � Modern Language Association, (MLA)

AAA � The American Anthropological Association Style Guide � This is used for writing in the science of anthropology.

AP � The Associated Press Style Guide � This is used for writing newspaper articles.

APA � The American Psychological Association Style Guide � This is used for writing in the social sciences, for example, psychology and sociology.

CMS � The Chicago Manual of Style � This is used for writing in the humanities, like philosophy and history. � Note: arts. this style is not used for writing in the language

MLA � The Modern Language Association � This is used for writing in the language arts – and is to be used for writing your research paper.

MMS � The Microsoft Manual of Style for Technical Publications � This is used for writing technical and online publications.

MLA Documentation WHY TO CITE

WHY TO CITE � To avoid unintentional plagiarism � The purpose of researching your thesis subject is to integrate your ideas with published authors’ ideas. � The purpose of citing published authors’ ideas is to give your ideas authority. � If you paraphrase another author’s idea(s) without a citation – you are plagiarizing his or her work. (Howard 147 -199)

WHY TO CITE � To avoid the consequences of plagiarism, which are many. They include, but are not limited to: � Reader outrage � Personal shame � Academic failure � School sanctions � Federal copyright laws broken � Potential lawsuits (Raimes)

When, what, and how to Cite PRINTED BOOKS

MLA DOCUMENTATION MODELS � Printed books � Articles in printed periodicals � Electronic sources � Multimedia sources

Where to find citation information in a book: Title Author Publisher’s Address PRINTED BOOKS Publication Date

PRINTED BOOKS � Single author � Jenkins, Peter. Looking for Alaska. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 2007. Print.

PRINTED BOOKS � Edited book � Finch, Robert, ed. A Place Apart: A Cape Cod Reader. New York, London: W. W. Norton & Company, 1996. Print.

PRINTED BOOKS � Numbered edition other than first � Pyzdek, Thomas & Keller, Paul. The Six Sigma Handbook: A Complete Guide for Green Belts, Black Belts, and Managers at All Levels. 3 rd ed. New York: Mc. Graw Hill, 2010. Print.

PRINTED BOOKS � Revised edition � Burkett, Charles William. Agriculture for Beginners. Rev. ed. USA: Create Space Publications, 2010. Print.

PRINTED BOOKS � Multiple authors � Cripps, Arthur Shearly, Binyon, Ghose, Phillips. Primavera: Poems by Four Authors. Gloucester, U. K. : Dodo Press, 2007. Print.

PRINTED BOOKS � Multiple books by the same author � List the books in alphabetical list by title � Orman, Suze. The Money Book for the Young, Fabulous and Broke, New York: 2005, Riverhead � ---Women Alred, 163 and Money: Owning the Power to Control Your Destiny, New York: Spiegel, 2007, Print.

PRINTED BOOKS � Corporate � J. K. author Lasser Institute. J. K. Lasser’s Your Income Tax 2010; or Preparing your 2009 Tax Return, New York: Wiley, 2009, Print

PRINTED BOOKS � Multivolume � Standard works and Poor. Standard and Poor’s Register of Corporations, Directors, and Executives. Vol. 1. New York: Standard and poor, 2010. Print.

PRINTED BOOKS � Work in an edition collection � Beatles. The Beatles Anthology. London: Chronicle Books, 2000. 95 -101

PRINTED BOOKS � Encyclopedia or dictionary entry � Dillmont, Therese de. “Knitting Laces. ” The Complete Encyclopedia of Needlework. 2002. Print.

MLA Documentation ARTICLES IN PRINTED PERIODICALS

ARTICLES IN PRINTED PERIODICALS � Daily or weekly magazine � Library database � Borowitz, Adam. "Pavlov's Brother. " New Yorker 11 Nov. 2004: 63 -65. Academic Search Premier. Web. 12 Nov. 2006. � Free web � Springen, Karen. "Artful Aging. " Newsweek 25 Jan. 2005: n. pag. Web. 12 May 2005. � In print � Borowitz, Adam. "Pavlov's Brother. " New Yorker 11 Nov. 2004: 63 -65. Print.

MONTHLY MAGAZINES � Library � Ives, Frank, and Jonathan Lydon. "Freud's Vienna Revisited. " Discover Aug. 2005: 16 -17. Psyc. INFO. Web. 15 Mar. 2006. � Free � � In � database web Gelb, Norman. "Winter of Discontent. " Smithsonian May 2003: n. pag. Web. 3 Apr. 2005. print Ives, Frank, and Jonathan Lydon. "Freud's Vienna Revisited. " Discover Aug. 2005: 16 -17. Print.

NEWSPAPER ARTICLES � Library � Brown, Patricia Leigh. "Tiffany Glass and Other Tales from the Crypt. " New York Times 5 Sept. 1999: A 1+. Pro. Quest Newspapers. Web. 10 June 2006. � Free � � In � database web Forman, Jackson. "Allston Gothic. " Boston Globe 12 Aug. 2003: n. pag. Web. 12 June 2006. print Brown, Patricia Leigh. "Tiffany Glass and Other Tales from the Crypt. " New York Times 5 Sept. 1999: A 1+. Print.

MLA Documentation ELECTRONIC SOURCES

WEB SITE � Entire web site � “Dogs. " � Web Terrific Pets. 2006. Web. 2 Mar. 2012. page � “Collie Dogs. " Dogs, Terrific Pets. 12 Sept. 2011. Web. 2 Mar. 2012.

E-BOOK � Library database, entire book � Kornblum, William. At Sea in the City: New York from the Water's Edge. Chapel Hill: Algonquin Books, 2002. Net. Library. Web. 23 June 2006. � Library database, single chapter � Herlong, Mark. "Traces of the Past in Blagden Alley. " Washington Palimpsest. Ed. Ryan Shepard. Washington: Reedbird Hill Press, 2005. 102 -15. Academic Search Premier. Web. 11 Apr. 2006. � Web book � Seton, Ernest Thompson. The Arctic Prairies: A Canoe. Journey of 2, 000 Miles in Search of the Caribou. New York: C. Scribner's Sons, 1911. Project Gutenberg. Web. 8 May 2006.

WEB SITE � Short work from a web site, with a corporate or organizational author � Adobe Systems Incorporated, “Captivate 5. 5 Tutorials” Adobe Systems Inc. , 2012. Web. 8 Feb. 2012

ELECTRONIC SOURCES � Article posted on a wiki - A wiki is a web site whose users can make additions or changes. � “How to Write a Wikipedia Article. ” Wiki How. Media Wiki. , 10 Sept. 2010. 11 February, 2012

ELECTRONIC SOURCES � E-mail message � Franken, Al, “Your Boss is Not Your Doctor. ” Message to the author. 2 Mar. 2012. E-mail.

ELECTRONIC SOURCES � Blog entry: in a blog there is a single writer, or group of writers, who make the primary contributions and readers can only comment. � Wilkerson, Rachel. “When Friendships Break. ” The Life and Lessons of Rachel Wilkerson. Food Buzz, 7 June 2007. Web. 2 Mar. 2012.

ELECTRONIC SOURCES � Publication � The on a CD-ROM Learning Company. “Peter Rabbit”. 2001. CD-ROM

MLA Documentation MULTIMEDIA SOURCES

MULTIMEDIA SOURCES � Film, video, or podcast � Super Sales Presentations: How to Captivate Your Prospects in a Distracted, Preoccupied World. Dir. Michael Jeffreys. Pref. Patricia Fripp. Waterford: seminars on DVD, 2007. DVD (Alred, 165)

MULTIMEDIA SOURCES � Radio or television program � “Illegals and Licensing: Backroom Maneuvering; Yahoo! and China. ” Lou Dobbs Tonight. Host Lou Dobbs. CNN. 7 Nov. 2007. Television (Alred, 165)

MULTIMEDIA SOURCES � Television � Abrams, interview J. J. Interview by Charlie Rose Show. PBS. WOSU. Columbus. 15 Jun. 2011 , Television

MLA Documentation OTHER SOURCES

OTHER SOURCES � Tables, graphs and images from a secondary source � Mallony, Marcus. Image. “ 2007 Rainfall. ” National Geographic Soc. , n. d. 8 Dec. 2009.

OTHER SOURCES � Personal interview � Mallony, Marcus. Personal Interview. 1 Aug. 2010 � Personal letter � Mallony, 2011 Marcus. Letter to the author. 21 Dec.

OTHER SOURCES � Brochure or pamphlet � Jefferson County Extension Office. Department of Agriculture. Soil Conservation Methods. Washington: GPO 2010. Print

OTHER SOURCES � Government � United document or report States Department of Housing and Urban Development. Affordable Housing Initiatives in Rural America in 2010. Publication No. 3574. Washington: GPO. 2010. Print

OTHER SOURCES � Lecture or speech � Moran, Susan. Rhodes Hall, Columbus State Community College, Columbus. 3 May 2011. Lecture

MLA Documentation HOW AND WHEN TO DOCUMENT

HOW AND WHEN TO DOCUMENT � In-Text Citations � When using a citation within the text of a paper, within parentheses - use the author and page number separated only by a space. � Determining the number of inches of snowfall, “The inches of annual rainfall in Peru is equal to the number of inches of snowfall in Alaska. ”(Mallony 4). �Or: � As Mallony writes, the inches of annual rainfall in Peru is equal to the number of inches of snowfall in Alaska for the same year (4).

Author’s last name and page number. Lintzer 14 This report examines the nature and disposition of the 3. 468 ethics cases One-inch margins with double-spaced text. handled companywide by CGF’s ethics officers during 2011. The purpose of such Publication with multiple authors. information necessary for assessing the effectiveness of the first year of CGF’s reports is to provide the Ethics and Business Conduct Committee with the Ethics Program (Davis, Marks, and Tegge 142). According to Matthias Jonas, recommendations are given for consideration in planning for the second year of the Ethics Program” (“Internet” 152). Long quote indented one inch, double-spaced, without quotation marks. The Office of Ethics and Business Conduct was created to administer the Ethics Program. The director of the Office and Ethics and Business Conduct was given the responsibility for the following objectives, as described by Rossouw: In-text citations give author name, and page number. The title is used when quoting multiple works by the same author. (Alred, 167) Communicate the values, standards, and goals of CGF’s Program to employees. Provide companywide channels for employee education and guidance in resolving ethics concerns. (1543) The purpose of Ethics Program, according to Jonas, is to “promote ethical business conduct through open communication and compliance with company ethics standards” (‘Ethics” 89). RESEARCH PAPER SAMPLE

Lintzer 21 Heading centered. List alphabetized by authors’ last names or title and double-spaced. Works Cited Davis, W. C. , Roland Marks, and Diane Tegge. Working the System: Five New Management Principles. New York: St. Martin’s, 2008. Print. International Business Ethics Institutes, Intl. International Business Ethics Institute. Intl. Business Ethics Inst. , 1992 -2008. Web. 14 Jan. 2010. Jonas, Matthias. “Ethics in Organizational Communication: A Review of the Literature. ” Journals of Ethics Hanging-indent style used for entries. and Communication 29 (2010): 79 -99 ---. “The Internet and Ethical Communication: Toward a New Paradigm. ” Journal of Ethics and Communication 32 (2008): 147 -77. Print. Rossouw, George J. “Business Ethics in South Africa. ” Journal of Business Ethics 16. 14 (2010): 1539 -47. (Alred, 168) Print. Schipper, Fritz. “Transparency and Integrity: Contrary Concepts. ? ” Globalization and Business Ethics. Ed. Karl Homann, Peter Koslowski, and Chrostoph Luetge. Burlington: Ashgate, 2011. 101 -18 Print. Smith Terrence. “Legislating Ethics. ” News. Hour Business Ethics Anthology. Host Jim Lehrer. DVD. Encino: Business Training Media, 20910. DVD. United States. Natl. Science Foundation. Conflicts of Interest and Standards of Ethical Conduct. NSF Manual No. 15. Arlington: Natl. Science Foundation, 2011. Print. WORKS CITED SAMPLE

MLA Documentation USEFUL RESOURCES

USEFUL RESOURCES � The following sources are great places to look for tips on citing reference materials. � Remember, you don’t have to memorize how to cite material – you just need to know where to look.

USEFUL RESOURCES Your Textbook In addition to your textbook, Pearson, the publisher of your textbook, has a website for Technical Communication 12 th Edition with lots of additional resources for students including, chapter summaries, samples, exercises, tutorials and more. Check it out! http: //wps. ablongman. com/long_lannon_tc_12/170/43604/11162769. cw/index. h tml Free Survey Software for Developing Questionnaires The following free survey tools can help you develop professional looking questionnaires. Once a survey is developed, you will be given a URL that links to the survey. You can send the URL to people via email, post the URL on your Facebook page or other social media site, or simply print out hard copies for people to answer.

USEFUL RESOURCES • Both tools guide you through the question development process and analyze the results (which takes most of the work out of using questionnaires for research). The analyses, which are updated each time someone completes a questionnaire, include graphs and charts that can be used as visuals for your reports. • Both applications require signing up for free accounts before you can develop a questionnaire. This may lead to a barrage of advertisements from the companies, so you may want to use an alternative email address when you sign up for an account. • Take a little time to poke around the websites and read about the applications before you sign up. Create a practice survey that you can test on a few trusted friends (or classmates) before developing the survey you actually send out for your project.

USEFUL RESOURCES Survey. Monkey http: //www. surveymonkey. com/mp/take-a-tour/ Zoomerang http: //www. zoomerang. com/ Grammar, Mechanics, Writing, Documentation, Etc. OWL The Online Writing Lab (OWL) at Purdue University is one of the best in the country. http: //owl. english. purdue. edu/

USEFUL RESOURCES MLA Documentation Detailed information about MLA in-text citations is available from Owl at Purdue. Check out the left navigation bar for additional information of all types about MLA style. http: //owl. english. purdue. edu/owl/resource/747/02/ Capital Community College Guide to Grammar and Writing This site has interactive quizzes in addition to excellent information about grammar and writing. http: //grammar. ccc. commnet. edu/grammar/index. htm Spell. Checker. Net Free online spelling, grammar and thesaurus checker. http: //www. spellchecker. net/grammar/ Easy Bib Automatic works cited and bibliography formatting for MLA, APA and Chicago/Turabian citation styles. www. easybib. com

USEFUL RESOURCES Elements of Style Written by William Strunk, Jr. and E. B. White (remember Charlotte’s Web? ) this is the definitive handbook on grammar and writing. You will never find the rules on grammar and writing more simply and concisely explained than in this compact, affordable book, available in both paperback and hardback form. http: //www. amazon. com/Elements-Style-Fourth-William-Strunk/dp/020530902 X Introductory Elements of Style William Strunk published the Introductory version of the handbook in 1918, and the rules still apply! Bartleby. com has published the out-of-print version of the Introductory handbook online – and it’s free! http: //www. bartleby. com/141/

USEFUL RESOURCES Dictionary. com Definitions, thesaurus, and links to other helpful online references are available here. Check out the Word of the Day. http: //dictionary. reference. com/ Merriam-Webster. com Free online dictionary, thesaurus, Spanish - English and medical dictionaries, and audio pronunciations. www. merriam-webster. com/ Refdesk. com Take the time to scroll down through the home page of this portal with links to just about any kind of information you might need. http: //refdesk. com/ Wikipedia. org Free online encyclopedia http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Main_Page

USEFUL RESOURCES Libraries There is a wealth of information available from the public libraries in Central Ohio. If you can’t find what you want at the ERC, try one of the other excellent libraries Columbus State Library, AKA the ERC (located in Columbus Hall) Don’t overlook the excellent online databases as resources for your term project. Factor in Ohio Link and the helpful reference librarians, and you have one of the most comprehensive College library systems in the state. You can reserve a private study room, check out a laptop for use inside the library, or stop by the new Writing Center on the lower level for help from a tutor. A current student ID is required for study room or laptop use, and of course, for checking library materials. http: //www. cscc. edu/Library/index. htm

USEFUL RESOURCES Columbus Metropolitan Library Do you know the Columbus Metropolitan Library is consistently ranked as one of the top public library systems in the country? Do you know the main branch is a ten-minute walk or a two-minute drive from the CS main campus? Do you know there is free parking for the first hour in the parking garage directly under the library? No need to hike through the snow or get wet during inclement weather! The reference librarians on the second floor Business reference section are a dream resource for students. Choose from among 21 satellite locations if you live in “the burbs. ” http: //www. columbuslibrary. org/ State Library of Ohio A 5 -minute drive from the downtown campus will get you to the State Library of Ohio with references librarians, special collections, and databases that are not available at other libraries. Check out the resources for state residents and apply for a library card online 24/7. http: //www. library. ohio. gov/

USEFUL RESOURCES Other Public Libraries Yes, there are more! Grandview Heights Public Library http: //www. ghpl. org/ Upper Arlington Public Library http: //www. ualibrary. org/ Westerville Public Library http: //www. westervillelibrary. org/ Worthington Public Library http: //www. worthingtonlibraries. org/

USEFUL RESOURCES Columbus State Resources Columbus State's Online Writing Resource Center (OWRC) You don’t have to come to campus to get writing help 24/7. In Blackboard under “My Communities, ” look for the link to the OWRC. Columbus State's brick and mortar Writing Center On the Main Campus, go to the lower level of the CS Library to use the new and improved Writing Center. If you prefer talking to a tutor face-to-face, this is the place to go. Scroll down to see the numerous online tutorials that are also available. http: //www 2. cscc. edu/academics/departments/english/tutoring. shtml The Delaware campus and the Dublin and Westerville sites also have writing tutors available on a more limited basis. Call before you go to find out when a tutor will be available.

USEFUL RESOURCES Technical problems? Who do you call at CS if you’re having technical issues? The Help Desk! 614/287 -5050 Columbus State Bookstore Need I say more? http: //www 2. cscc. edu/services/bookstore/ CS Student Handbook Download a PDF file with the CS Student Handbook. You may be surprised by the information you’ll find. The 2011 -2012 version should be out soon. In the meantime, this one will do

Works Cited and Bibliography to Follow END OF MLA DOCUMENTATION

WORKS CITED Gerald J. Alred, Charles T. Brusaw, Walter E. Oliu. "MLA. " Gerald J. Alred, Charles T. Brusaw, Walter E. Oliu. The Business Writer's Handbook - Tenth Edition. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin's, 2012. 162 -169. Howard, Rebecca Moore. "Documentation Matters: MLA Style. " Howard, Rebecca Moore. Research Matters: A Handbook for Writing and Research. New York: Mc. Graw. Hill, 2011. 147 -199. --- "Writing Responsibly in the Information Age. " Howard, Rebecca Moore. Writing Matters: A Handbook for Writing and Research. New York: Mc. Graw-Hill, 2011. 1 -6 Howard, Rebecca Moore, Amy Rupiper Taggart. "Taking Notes and Keeping Records. " Rebecca Moore Howard, Amy Rupiper Taggart. Research Matters: A guide to Research Writing. New York: Mc. Graw-Hill, 2010. 93 -119. Raimes, Ann. "Part 5: MLA Documentation. " Raimes, Ann. Keys to Successful Writing: A Handbook for College and Career. Boston: Wadsworth, 2011. 128 -185.

BIBLIOGRAPHY Gerald J. Alred, Charles T. Brusaw, Walter E. Oliu. "MLA. " Gerald J. Alred, Charles T. Brusaw, Walter E. Oliu. The Business Writer's Handbook - Tenth Edition. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin's, 2012. 162 -169. Howard, Rebecca Moore. "Documentation Matters: MLA Style. " Howard, Rebecca Moore. Research Matters: A Handbook for Writing and Research. New York: Mc. Graw-Hill, 2011. 147 -199. Howard, Rebecca Moore. "Writing Responsibly in the Information Age. " Howard, Rebecca Moore. Writing Matters: A Handbook for Writing and Research. New York: Mc. Graw-Hill, 2011. 1 -6. Howard, Rebecca Moore, Amy Rupiper Taggart. "Taking Notes and Keeping Records. " Rebecca Moore Howard, Amy Rupiper Taggart. Research Matters: A guide to Research Writing. New York: Mc. Graw-Hill, 2010. 93 -119. Kitty O. Locker, Stephen Kyo Kaczmarek. "Module 22: Finding, Analyzing, and Documenting Information. " Kitty O. Locker, Stephen Kyo Kaczmarek. Business Communication: Building Critical Skills - 5 th Edition. New York: Mc. Graw-Hill Irwin, 2011. 381 -392. Raimes, Ann. "Part 5: MLA Documentation. " Raimes, Ann. Keys to Successful Writing: A

BIBLIOGRAPHY The Associate Press Stylebook and Briefing on Media Law. Ed. Sally Jacobsen, David Minthorn Darrell Christian. New York: The Associated Press, 2010. The Modern Language Association of America. MLA Handbook or Writers of Research Papers - Seventh Edition. New York: The Modern Language Association of America, 2009. Fulwiler, Toby, Alan R. Hayakawa. "Evaluating Research Sources. " Toby Fulwiler, Alan R. Hayakawa. The Blair Handbook - Fifth Edition. Upper Saddle River, N. J. : Pearson Education, Inc. , 2007. 333 -368.