Communication 102 Interpersonal Communication Chapter 1 About Communication
Communication 102: Interpersonal Communication Chapter 1 - About Communication 1 Why We Communicate 2 The Nature of Communication 3 How We Communicate Interpersonally 4 Building Your Communication Competence
Intervention on A&E https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=YDt. EKRW 8 o. Fo “It is nearly impossible to overestimate the importance of our close relationships” (Floyd, 2011). What do you think close friends and family can do for your health and well-being?
Research- Why We Communicate Preserve a Life Determine Social Outcomes Make the World Matter Human Necessity
Why do you Communicate? 1. Imagine life without communication. 2. What communications challenges do you face? 3. What channels do you use? 4. Do you value communication? 5. What is missing?
Why do we Communicate? 1. Communication meets physical needs. 2. Communication meets relational needs. 3. Communication fills identity needs. 4. Communication meets spiritual needs. 5. Communication serves instrumental needs.
The Mental and Physical • Studies of Solitary Confinement (Breslow, 2014) • http: //www. pbs. org/wgbh/frontline/article/what-does-solitary-confinement-do-to-your-mind/ - 1950’s Study, University of Wisconsin- rhesus monkeys in “the pit of despair” - 1951 Study, Mc. Gill University- graduate students on sensory deprivation- 7 days/ 6 weeks - Prisoners are often confined for months or even years, with some spending more than 25 years in segregated prison settings. - 2/3 mentally ill - hallucinations, panic attacks, overt paranoia, diminished impulse control, hypersensitivity to external stimuli, difficulty thinking, concentration and memory, state of alertness, crippling obsessions - A 1995 Study, CA prison system- 63% of suicides occurred in solitary or psychiatric seclusion cells - Social atrophy and anxiety - http: //www. pbs. org/wgbh/frontline/film/solitary-nation/
Human Contact • Studies of Infants (Scientific America) • http: //www. scientificamerican. com/article/infant-touch/ -Higher stress levels for those raised in orphanages (cortisol) -Lower hormone levels (oxytocin and vasopressin) linked to emotion and social bonding -Touch can speed their development and recognition of self (imitation and cause-reaction) -skin-to-skin contact calms babies- cry less and sleep better/ familiarity of heartbeat heard in the womb -cognitive and emotional differences/ indiscriminate friendliness -mother has ability to thermoregulate for the baby -family environment is beneficial -case of feral children http: //listverse. com/2008/03/07/10 -modern-cases-of-feral-children/
Human Contact • Studies of Social Isolation (Psychosomatic Medicine) • First recognized in research of the late 1970 s and 1980 s • shown repeatedly to prospectively predict mortality and serious morbidity, especially coronary heart disease • comparable with that of cigarette smoking and other major biomedical and psychosocial risk factors. • social relationships beneficially affect health, not only because of their supportiveness, but also because of the social control -A quarter of Americans say they have no one with whom they can discuss personal troubles (Washington Post) -increased professional responsibilities, including working two or more jobs to make ends meet, and long commutes leave many people too exhausted to seek social -- as well as family – connections (Washington Post)
A characteristic that discredits a person, making him or her be seen as abnormal or undesirable. When people are cut of from others for an extended period, their health can quickly deteriorate. Social isolation because of poverty, homelessness, mental illness, or obesity. STIGMA
Importance of Social Interaction • Studies of HIV Stigma (UCDavis) -40% increase between 1991 and 1997 in the number of Americans believing AIDS from sex or drug use is deserved. By 1999, 25%, but was still higher than at the beginning of the decade. -fear and discomfort about people with AIDS. In 1999, 30% feel uncomfortable having their children attend school with another child who has AIDS, and 22% would feel uncomfortable around an office coworker with AIDS. Those afraid of people with AIDS declined from 35% in 1991, but was still one in five. 50% of those surveyed in 1999 believed that they could get AIDS from being coughed on. In addition, about half of those surveyed in 1999 believed they could get AIDS by sharing a drinking glass, and one third believed that AIDS can be contracted by donating blood.
Importance of Social Interaction • What it means today- Trans Stigma (American Psychological Association • http: //www. apa. org/monitor/2013/04/transgender. aspx - 1980, the American Psychiatric Association added gender identity disorder to DSMreplaced with gender dysphoria - 2011 Study Institute of Medicine concluded marginalization of transgender people from society is having a devastating effect on physical and mental health - Suicide rate 25 times higher than general population - Study, American Journal of Public Health, struggle with depression, shame, isolation from the stigma - Research suggests (Roberts, Ph. D) being gender-nonconforming puts children at higher risk for physical, psychological and sexual abuse and PTSD
Communication Forms Identity -Discussed in Chapter 3 -How do you see yourself? How did you form these things? How do others see you? How do you present yourself?
Spiritual Needs -Is it part of your Identity? What do you value? -What is right and wrong? -What is the meaning of life? -Spirituality vs. Religion
Instrumental Needs -What are your everyday, practical needs of communication to function? -What achieves your long-term goals?
2 Nature -Three models of communication: Action (one-way process), Interaction (two-way), and Transaction (pgs. 1012)
The Speech Communication Process
Characteristics of Communication • Channel (rich or lean) • Perceptual Filters (how we interpret and hear the message; Friends episode, “Break”) • https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=o. En 9 Yv. J 3 Gfg • Meaning (language is arbitrary) • Literal Meaning (content and relational messages- underlying)
Characteristics of Communication • Intentional or unintentional (verbal and nonverbal) • Rule governed (explicit and implicit/ norms and roles)
Communication Myths Pg. 18 -20 Myth #1: Everyone is an expert in Communication Myth #2: Communication will solve any problem Myth #3: Communication can break down Myth #4: Communication is inherently good Myth #5: More Communication is always better
3 How We Communicate -Types: interpersonal, intrapersonal, mass or public, small group -Vocabulary- dyad- a pair of people (2)
3 How We Communicate Effectively How Building Competence -Occurs -Appropriate - Self-Aware - Adaptive - Empathetic - Cognitive - Ethical -Evolves -Negotiates
How Empathic are You? Assign a # (1 -not at all/ 7 - very much) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. It makes me sad to see a lonely stranger in a group. I become nervous if others around me seem nervous. I tend to get emotionally involved with a friend’s problems. Sometimes the words of a love song can move me deeply. The people around me have a great influence on my moods. Seeing people cry upsets me. I get very angry when I see someone being ill-treated. I cannot continue to feel okay if people around me are depressed. 9. I am very upset when I see an animal in pain. 10. It upsets me to see helpless elderly people. Add up your Total.
10 -25: Empathy is a skill you can work on, as you are doing in this class 26 -55: You are moderately empathic, with a good ability to understand others’ emotions. Continued practice will strengthen that skill. 56 -70: You are highly empathic, which makes your interpersonal communication more effective. Do you think you can be too empathetic?
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