COMMUNICABLE Disease What is a communicable disease n

COMMUNICABLE Disease

What is a communicable disease? n. An illness caused by pathogens and can be spread by humans, animals, insects or contamination in food.

PATHOGENS n. GERMS THAT CAUSE DISEASE “There’s a BUG going around”

PATHOGENS n VIRUS – the smallest of all pathogens, no cure, can only treat the symptoms or prevent with a vaccine ¨VACCINE – dead or weakened forms of the virus injected to stimulate the production of antibodies (injection, oral) ¨Cold, influenza (flu), chicken pox

PATHOGENS n BACTERIA – many are harmless, treated with antibiotics ¨ANTIBIOTICS – medications used to treat bacterial infections ¨Strep Throat, Necrotizing Fasciitis

PATHOGENS n FUNGI –grows in warm moist places: skin, mucous membranes, lungs ¨Treated with topical creams or prescription antibiotics ¨Athlete’s feet, ringworm

How are pathogens spread? n DIRECT CONTACT – physical contact with an infected person through blood, eye, nose, and throat secretions, body waste or open sores ¨Kissing, hugging, blood transfusions, sexual contact ¨Avoid infected persons ¨WASH HANDS

How are pathogens spread? n Indirect contact – contact with contaminated objects ¨Air – coughing and sneezing ¨Food and water ¨Pens/pencils, desk, lockers, doorknobs, eating utensils n Avoid infected areas, WASH HANDS

How are pathogens spread? n Animal and insect contact ¨Bites, stings and scratches ¨Dogs, cats, raccoons, flies, mosquitoes… n Avoid animals unknown to you n Avoid nocturnal animals during the day n Wear insect repellant n Wash wounds and get medical care

The body’s DEFENSES: BEFORE the germ enters the bloodstream SKIN – personal wet suit, bathing rids body of dead cells and pathogens n BODY FLUIDS – tears, saliva, perspiration n MUCOUS MEMBRANES – thick and sticky, traps germs and filters through the lymphatic system n GASTRIC JUICES – stomach acids n

The body’s DEFENSES: AFTER the germ enters the bloodstream FEVER – the body heats up to kill the pathogens, however sometimes the body gets too hot and kills other important cells n IMMUNE SYSTEM – white blood cells, tissues and organs that fight specific germs n ¨ T-cells ingest and kill germs ¨ B-cells produce ANTIBODIES ¨ Antibodies fight infection

Behaviors to reduce risk of contracting a communicable disease Avoid drugs n Stress management n Rest n Vitamin C n Vaccinations n

Behaviors to reduce risk of contracting a communicable disease • Avoid infected persons and objects • WASH HANDS

HIV n. Human n. Immunodeficiency n. Virus

AIDS n. Acquired n. Immune n. Deficiency n. Syndrome

NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES THAT ARE NOT CONTAGIOUS AND ARE RELATED TO: n ¨Diet ¨Lifestyle habits ¨Heredity