Communicable and Noncommunicable Diseases After this lesson you

Communicable and Noncommunicable Diseases

After this lesson you will be able to: Compare and contrast between noncommunicable and communicable diseases n Define the common pathogens that cause communicable diseases n

n Distinguish between communicable and noncommunicable diseases Non-Communicable disease Also called non-infectious diseases n For example: Heart disease Communicable diseases n Also called infectious diseases. n n

Non-communicable diseases n Diseases that CANNOT be spread from one person/thing to another n Diseases that are not caused by pathogens (bad germs) n Can affect any system in the body (circulatory, nervous, respiratory)

Causes of non-communicable diseases Hereditary- passed from parent to child n 2. Environmental n Where you live –or work n For example: Nuclear power plant n 3. Lifestyle n Poor health habits – tanning, smoking, drinking, poor diet, lack n 1.

Preventing non-communicable disease n Have a balanced diet n Get regular exercise n Avoid tobacco, alcohol, and other drugs n Regular check-ups can identify early

Common Non-Communicable Diseases n Cancer n Cardiovascular n Heart Attack n Stroke disease

Communicable Diseases n Definition Caused by direct or indirect spread of pathogens (bad germs) from a person or thing to another.

Pathogens and Vectors Pathogens are disease causing agents (bad germs) n Vectors are disease-causing organisms that carry pathogens from one host to another n n For example: n Mosquitoes transmit malaria n Ticks transmit Lyme disease

n n How diseases are spread Direct contact - touching infected area of person Indirect - sneezing, coughing, sharing personal items Contact with vectors (animals and insects) - bites Other contact - eating contaminated foods

Where Diseases Enter The Body §Mouth §Eyes §Nose §A break in skin (cuts) §Genitals

Prevention for communicable diseases n Wash hands n Cover mouth when sneezing or coughing n Proper care of food, don’t share food n Eat healthy and exercise to improve immune system n Shower daily

Common Types of Pathogens n n Bacteria Virus Fungi Protozoan

Bacteria n (100 million will fit in a grain of sand. ) n Most common of all pathogens. n Most DO NOT cause disease. n Reproduces through cell division.

Bacteria Video Click Here for Smithsonian Bacteria Video

n All Virus viruses are considered Parasites n Smallest and simplest of microorganisms. n Can only live on living cells n It tricks human cells to reproduce more viruses. n Examples- chicken pox, cold, flu, measles, rabies, HIV/AIDS

Protozoa n Most are harmless n One celled organism n Grows in water n Multiples quickly in moist places n For example: Malaria

Fungi n Include molds, yeast, and mushrooms n Live in warm moist places such as locker room floors n Examples: Ring worm / athletes foot

Fungi Athlete’s Foot Ring Worm

The Body’s Primary Defenses Against Diseases n Skin n Mucus n Cilia Membrane

Body’s Primary Defenses Against n Skin Communicable Diseases n. Most important – keeps out harmful germs n. Produces sweat that kills some types of pathogens

Body’s Defense Against Communicable Disease n Mucus Membrane n. Cells that line nose, mouth and throat produce mucus to trap germs

Body’s Defense Against Communicable Disease n Cilia n. Wavelike hairs that sweep out germs from throat, nose, etc

Body’s Secondary Defenses • Fever – the temperature of the body increases to slow multiplication of pathogens • White Blood Cells – special cells that kill pathogens • Chemical Barriers – tears and saliva • Reflexes – blinking, coughing and sneezing

Take the quiz Click on this link: www. masteryconnect. com/bubblesheet n Enter the Test ID (given to you by your teacher) n Enter your Student ID n Complete the quiz n