Common word patterns When words that can be

Common word patterns “When words that can be understood using these rules occur in context, students will be expected to understand them. ” AQA Specification section 3. 4. 1. 17 Rachel Hawkes

1 English Spanish English -id at the end of the word often changes to -ido The boy is timid Translate these sentences. 1. El ácido es rojo. 2. The acid is a liquid. El chico es tímido Notice that you also add a tilde (accent) on the first vowel, i. e. , tímido What would the following words be in Spanish? solid rapid valid Choose one and write a sentence in Spanish. Rachel Hawkes

1 ANSWERS 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. El ácido es rojo. The acid is a liquid. solid rapid valid 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. The acid is red. El ácido es un líquido. sólido rápido válido Pronounce the words. Normally, you stress the penultimate syllable, but the ‘tilde’ tells you to stress a different syllable. Rachel Hawkes

2 English Spanish English -ous at the end of the word often changes to -oso The singer is famous Translate these sentences. 1. Mi hermanos es estudioso y ambicioso. 2. My dog is fabulous. El cantante es famoso What would the following words be in Spanish? numerous precious religioso Choose one and write a sentence in Spanish. Rachel Hawkes

2 ANSWERS 1. Mi hermano es estudioso y ambicioso. 2. My dog is fabulous. 3. numerous 4. precious 5. religious 1. My brother is studious and ambitious. 2. Mi perro es fabuloso. 3. numeroso 4. precioso 5. religioso What minor spelling changes do you notice in no. 1? studious estudioso/a ambitious ambicioso/a Don’t forget to pronounce the words. Rachel Hawkes

3 English Spanish English -tion at the end of the word often changes to -ción That is the exception to the rule. Translate these sentences. 1. Me gusta la ficción. 2. Fiction with action is great! With abstract nouns in Spanish you usually need the definite article (word for ‘the’). But good news! All –ción words are feminine so use la for the. (with = con) Esa es la excepción a la regla. What would the following words be in Spanish? situation education information Choose one and write a sentence in Spanish. Rachel Hawkes

3 ANSWERS 1. Me gusta la ficción. 2. Fiction with action is great! 3. situation 4. education 5. information 1. I like fiction. 2. La ficción con la acción es estupenda. 3. (la) situación 4. (la) educación 5. (la) información Pronounce the words. Normally, you stress the penultimate syllable, but the ‘tilde’ tells you to stress the final syllable in these words. Rachel Hawkes

4 English Spanish English -ary at the end of the word often changes to -ario My adversary is very strong. Translate these sentences. 1. Necesito un diccionario. 2. My dictionary is great. © Marie-Lan Nguyen / Wikimedia Commons Mi adversario es muy fuerte. What would the following words Remember that be in Spanish? in Spanish we ONLY double the commentary consonants in necessary Ca. Ro. Li. Na, and no others! literary diary Which of these are nouns and which are adjectives? Rachel Hawkes

4 ANSWERS 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Necesito un diccionario. My dictionary is great. comment/feedback necessary literary diary Nouns: commentary, diary Adjectives: necessary, literary 1. I need a dictionary. 2. Mi diccionario es estupendo. 3. (el) comentario 4. necesario 5. literario 6. (el) diario Don’t forget to pronounce the words. Rachel Hawkes

5 English Spanish English -ph in a word often changes to -f Elephants never forget. Translate these sentences. 1. Me encanta la física. 2. La filosofía es bastante complicada. Los elefantes nunca olvidan. What would the following words be in This time you Spanish? need to make telephone other small changes at the photo end of words, too: biography e o y ía phrase Choose one and write a sentence in Spanish. Rachel Hawkes

5 ANSWERS 1. Me encanta la física. 2. La filosofía es bastante complicada. 3. telephone 4. photo 5. biography 6. phrase 1. I love physics. 2. Philosophy is quite complicated. 3. (el) teléfono 4. (la) foto 5. (la) biografía 6. (la) frase Pronounce the words. Normally, you stress the penultimate syllable, but the ‘tilde’ tells you to stress a different syllable. Rachel Hawkes

6 English Spanish English -ty at the end of a word often changes to -dad El AVE es un tren de alta The AVE is a high- velocidad. velocity train. Translate these sentences. 1. Cambridge es una ciudad muy histórica. 2. Cambridge has a famous university. What would the following words be in Spanish? NB: All –dad reality words in Spanish are feminine, so activity use ‘la’ for society ‘the’ and ‘una’ for ‘a’. Choose one and write a sentence in Spanish. Rachel Hawkes

6 ANSWERS 1. Cambridge es una ciudad muy histórica. 2. Cambridge has a famous university. 3. reality 4. activity 5. society 1. Cambridge is a very historic city. 2. Cambridge tiene una universidad famosa. 3. (la) realidad 4. (la) actividad 5. (la) sociedad NB: All –dad words in Spanish are feminine, so use ‘la’ for ‘the’ and ‘una’ for ‘a’. Rachel Hawkes

7 English Spanish English -y at the end of a word often changes to –ia or -ía Macbeth is a tragedy in five acts. Translate these sentences. 1. La historia es fascinante. 2. I like biology. Macbeth es una tragedia en cinco actos. What would the following words be in Remember that Spanish? in Spanish we memory ONLY double the consonants in company Ca. Ro. Li. Na, and no others! energy Choose one and write a sentence in Spanish. Rachel Hawkes

7 ANSWERS 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. La historia es fascinante. I like biology. memory company energy 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. History is fascinating. Me gusta la biología. (la) memoria (la) compañía (la) energía Pronunciation! Usually, stress the penultimate syllable. When the word ends in –ía, stress the í because of the ‘tilde’. la biología but la historia. Rachel Hawkes

8 English Spanish English -ence or -ance at the end of a word often changes to -encia or -ancia. Tolerance stops violence. Translate these sentences. 1. Disneyworld es una experiencia fantástica. 2. In my opinion, intelligence is not very important. La tolerancia detiene la violencia. What would the following words be in Spanish? NB: Remember independence that we usually need the definite importance article (the) with abstract nouns in distance Spanish. Choose one and write a sentence in Spanish. Rachel Hawkes

8 ANSWERS 1. Disneyworld es una experiencia fantástica. 2. In my opinion, intelligence is not very important. 3. independence 4. importance 5. distance 1. Disneyworld is a fantastic experience. 2. En mi opinión, la inteligencia no es muy importante. 3. (la) independencia 4. (la) importancia 5. (la) distancia NB: Remember that we usually need the definite article (the) with abstract nouns in Spanish. Rachel Hawkes

9 English Spanish English -ate at the end of a VERB often changes to -ar. What is that? I want to investigate! Translate these sentences. 1. Quiero crear un dibujo. 2. A veces es difícil motivarme. ¿Qué es eso? ¡Quiero investigar…! What would the following words be in Spanish? Remember that indicate in Spanish we ONLY double the participate consonants in Ca. Ro. Li. Na, and communicate no others! celebrate Choose two and write a sentence in Spanish. Rachel Hawkes

9 ANSWERS 1. Quiero crear un dibujo. 2. A veces es difícil motivarme. 3. indicate 4. participate 5. communicate 6. celebrate 1. I want to create a picture. 2. Sometimes it’s difficult to motivate myself. 3. indicar 4. participar 5. comunicar 6. celebrar Did you write ‘comunicar’ with double ‘m’? What rule do you know for double consonants in Spanish? Rachel Hawkes

English Spanish English 10 -ic at the end of an ADJECTIVE often changes to -ico. This cat is very acrobatic! Translate these sentences. 1. Inglaterra es un país democrático. 2. My pet is very artistic. ¡Este gato es muy acrobático! What would the following words be in Spanish? Remember that public Spanish adjectives agree for number historic and gender in their ending! economic Choose one and write a sentence in Spanish. You usually need to add a ‘tilde’ as well! Rachel Hawkes

10 ANSWERS 1. Inglaterra es un país democrático. 2. My pet is very artistic. 3. public 4. historic 5. economic 1. England is a democratic country. 2. Mi mascota/animal es muy artística/o. 3. público 4. histórico 5. económico Did you add a ‘tilde’ in the right place? Try pronouncing the words. Which syllable do you stress? Rachel Hawkes

11 English Spanish English -ly at the end of an ADVERB often changes to -mente. Normally I don’t have my hair like this! Translate these sentences. 1. Me encanta la fruta, especialmente las naranjas. 2. Generally I don’t play rugby. ¡Normalmente no tengo el pelo así! What would the following words be in Spanish? really The last two on the list need an totally extra ‘a’ in the middle, too. finally directly exactly Choose one and write a sentence in Spanish. Rachel Hawkes

11 ANSWERS 1. Me encanta la fruta, 1. especialmente las naranjas. 2. 2. Generally I don’t play rugby. 3. 3. really 4. 4. totally 5. 5. finally 6. 6. directly 7. 7. exactly I love fruit, especially oranges. Generalmente no juego al rugby. realmente totalmente finalmente directamente exactamente Try pronouncing all the words. Rachel Hawkes

12 Here is a selection of words with the word patterns you have seen this term: secretario físico estúpido existe ncia industri a básico demostrar s o i c i l de o separar necesidad condición científico fenómeno ia c n e u infl categoría cantidad contrari o generos o n relació espléndid o Work out the meaning. Pronounce the words. Choose two words and write sentences in Spanish.

ANSWERS 12 cognate pattern Spanish word 1 English Spanish word 2 English id ido estúpido stupid espléndido splendid ous oso delicious generoso generous tion ción relationship condición condition ary ario contrary secretario secretary ph f físico physical fenómeno phenomenon ty dad necesidad necessity cantidad quantity y ia / ía industria industry categoría category ence/ance encia / ancia existence influencia influence ate ar separate demostrar demonstrate ic ico científico scientific básico basic