Common Rating Errors Distribution Errors Distribution error happens

Common Rating Errors

Distribution Errors � Distribution error happens when rater uses only one part of the rating scale, such 4 or 5 on a 5 -point rating scale. � Leniency � Central error versus strictness error tendency error � Overcoming distribution errors

Halo Effect � Halo effect happens when one single attribute or an overall impression on an individual affect other ratings. � Judgement of the rater has been clouded by the single attribute. � Occurs when rater has little knowledge of the job and do not know he employee very much. � More common in peer ratings than in supervisor ratings ( Viswesvaran, Schmidt, and One, 2005, in Aamodt 2010)

Proximity Errors � Happens when the rating of one dimension affects the rating on the other dimension which follows. � Only the dimensions located nearest are affected, not the overall as in the halo effect.

Contrast effect � Rating of one employee is being influenced by a previously evaluated person. � The rating of the particular employee has been compared to the first employee rather than the standard. � Contrast effect can also happen between two separate evaluation of the same person. � Contrast effects only occur when the person making the evaluation actually sees the employee perform.

Low reliability across raters � Due to halo effect, leniency etc � Due to different standards � Different raters see different behaviours of an employee.

Sampling problems � Recency effect � Infrequent observation

Cognitive Processing of Observed Behaviour � Observed behavior not properly remembered or recalled. � Emotional state of raters � Bias