COMMON MODAL VERBS He can speak English not
COMMON MODAL VERBS He can speak English ► not He can to speak English ► not He can speaking English Can Ought to Could Shall May Should Might Will Must Would Have to She should go to the doctor ► not She shoulds go … ► not She should goes…. They might not go to the party ► not They don’t might go to the party PRESENT: The lights are on. They must be at home. (Seguro que están en casa) PAST : The lights were on. They must have been at home. (Seguro que estaban en casa) ► not They musted be at home.
USE ADVICE OBLIGATION LACK OF OBLIGATION MODAL VERB SUBSTITUTE - should - ought to It’s a good idea. . . If I were you. . . I suggest you …. - must - have to It’s important that It’s absolutely necessary that. . . It’s essential that. . . don’t have to needn’t It isn’t necessary Not to be allowed to It’s forbidden to - mustn’t ABILITY - present - past -other tenses - can - could -be able to (Ideal ciecumstances) (Knowledge) PROBABILITY -may -might -could -. . . probably. . - Perhaps -must -can’t “Sería “Ifuna. Ibuena were you I’d go to the doctor” “If I were you I’d go to the idea. . . ” =You should go todoctor”=You the doctor”. should go to the “Si yo fuera tú. . . ” doctor”. “Te sugiero. . . ” “It’s absolutely necessary that we finish the article today” “Es importante que. . . ” “It’s absolutely necessary that we = “We must/have to finish the article “Es absolutamente finish the article today”= We necesario. . . ” today” must/have to finish the article “Es esencial que. . . ” -I’m sure -I’m certain -It’s impossible -It’s quite possible today” “It isn’t necessary to bring a present” = “You don’t need/don’t have to bring a “No es necesario It isn’t necessary to bring a present” que. . . ” “No hace falta que. . . ” PROHIBITION CERTAINTY EXAMPLE (IN THE PRESENT) TRANSLATION present = “You don’t need/don’t have to bring a present” “You aren’t allowed to smoke at school” =”You mustn’t smoke atallowed school” “You aren’t to smoke at “No estar permitido” =”You mustn’t smoke at “Está prohibido…” school” (Saber hacer algo) “I will be able to speak Chinese” (When I was a childschool” I earned Chinese) “I can speak Chinese” (When I was a child I earned (Circunstancias Chinese) idóneas para“I que algo speak Chinese” could “I can speak Chinese” ocurra) could speak Chinese” “I will be able to “Ispeak Chinese” “. . . probablemente. . . ” she is at home=She “Perhaps she is. Perhaps at home” may/might be at home. “Quizás. . . ” =“She may/might be at home”. “I’m sure that magazine isn’t Carolina’s” I’m sure that magazine isn’t “Estoy seguro. . . ” Carolina’s=That magazine can’t be =“That magazine can’t be Carolina’s”. Estoy seguro. . . ” Carolina’s. quite possible she’s home” “Es “It’s imposible. . . ” It’s quiteat possible she’s at “Es muy posible. . ” home=She must be at home. =“She must be at home”.
EXAMPLE (IN THE PRESENT) “If I were you I’d go to the doctor” =You should go to the doctor”. “It’s absolutely necessary that we finish the article today” = “We must/have to finish the article today” “It isn’t necessary to bring a present” = “You don’t need/don’t have to bring a present” “You aren’t allowed to smoke at school” =”You mustn’t smoke at school” (When I was a child I earned Chinese) “I can speak Chinese” “I could speak Chinese” “I will be able to speak Chinese” “Perhaps she is at home” =“She may/might be at home”. “I’m sure that magazine isn’t Carolina’s” =“That magazine can’t be Carolina’s”. “It’s quite possible she’s at home” =“She must be at home”.
EXAMPLE USE EXPLANATION ADVICE Un consejo que al final no fue seguido You should. HAVE have studied harder. Now you SHOULD + PP to do the retake. have CRITICISM Crítica sobre algo que debía haber ocurrido SHOULDN’T You shouldn’t have seen that terror film. HAVE + PP afraid of dark. Now you’re ABILITY (not fulfilled) Posibilidad de hacer algo, pero que al final no se hizo. I COULD could have HAVEstudied in London, but I + PP didn’t. PROBABILITY Sospecha de que algo ocurrió Yesterday MAY/MIGHTit was raining a lot. They may HAVE + PPat home. have been CERTAINTY Seguridad de que algo ocurrió. Seguridad de que algo no ocurrió. MUST HAVE + She PP is crying. She must have failed the exam. She is laughing. She can’t have failed the exam. COULDN’T MODAL VERB
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