Common Confusing Pairs Mostly illustrated version AP Psychology

Common Confusing Pairs (Mostly illustrated version) AP Psychology Mr. Snell

Correlation v. Causation

Agonist v. Antagonists

Cerebellum v. Cerebrum

Afferent v. Efferent Neurons

Farsightedness v. Nearsightedness • Far away = see fine • Up close = see poorly • Phrase: Far away okay, near not today. • Up close = See fine • Far Away = see poorly • Phrase: Near is clear, far away no way.

Classic v. Operant Conditioning • Classic = Involuntary Behavior • Ex. Developing a tasteaversion to a food that makes you sick. • Ex. Phobias. • Operant = Voluntary Behavior • Ex. Training dog to do tricks. • Ex. Training humans through shaping

Negative Reinforcement v. Punishment Neg. Reinforcement Neg. Punishment • When something unpleasant is removed in attempt to increase behavior. • Ex. Parents take away extra chores when you clean your room. • When something pleasant is removed in attempt to decrease behavior. • Ex. Parents take away car keys after staying out past curfew.

Internal v. External Locus of Control

Proactive v. Retroactive Interference

Retrograde v. Anterograde Amnesia

Memory Tasks Prospective Memory Retrospective Memory • Remembering to perform a planned action or intention at a future point. • Remembering past encounters or events.

Explicit v. Implicit Memory

Personality Types

Personality Traits Neuroticism • • • Anxious Hostile Self-conscious Insecure Vulnerable (Negative Emotionally) Psychoticism • • Egocentric Cold Impulsive Antisocial

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Obsessions Compulsions • Recurrent Thoughts • Recurrent Actions

Best of luck studying and preparing for the AP Exam!