Common Acids Sulfuric Acid H 2 SO 4

Common Acids Sulfuric Acid H 2 SO 4 Nitric Acid HNO 3 Phosphoric Acid H 3 PO 4 Food flavoring Hydrochloric Acid HCl Stomach acid Acetic Acid Carbonic Acid CH 3 COOH H 2 CO 3 Battery acid Used to make fertilizers and explosives Vinegar Carbonated water

Common Acids Formula Name of Acid Name of Negative Ion of Salt HF HBr HI HCl. O 2 HCl. O 3 HCl. O 4 H 2 S H 2 SO 3 H 2 SO 4 HNO 2 HNO 3 H 2 CO 3 H 3 PO 4 hydrofluoric hydrobromic hydroiodic hydrochloric hypochlorous chloric perchloric hydrosulfuric sulfurous sulfuric nitrous nitric carbonic phosphorous phosphoric fluoride bromide iodide chloride hypochlorite chlorate perchlorate sulfide sulfite sulfate nitrite nitrate carbonate phosphite phosphate

Formation of Hydronium Ions 1+ 1+ 1+ + H+ H 2 O hydrogen ion (a proton) water H 3 O + hydronium ion

Sulfuric Acid, H 2 SO 4 Sulfuric acid is the most commonly produced industrial chemical in the world. Uses: petroleum refining, metallurgy, manufacture of fertilizer, many industrial processes: metals, paper, paint, dyes, detergents Sulfuric acid is used in automobile batteries. H 2 SO 4 “oil of vitriol”

Nitric Acid, HNO 3 Nitric acid stains proteins yellow (like your skin). Uses: make explosives, fertilizers, rubber, plastics, dyes, and pharmaceuticals. HNO 3 “aqua fortis”

Hydrochloric Acid, HCl The stomach produces HCl to aid in the digestion of food. Uses: For ‘pickling’ iron and steel. Pickling is the immersion of metals in acid solution to remove surface impurities. A dilute solution of HCl is called muriatic acid (available in many hardware stores). Muriatic acid is commonly used to adjust p. H in swimming pools and in the cleaning of masonry. HCl(g) + H 2 O(l) hydrogen chloride water HCl(aq) hydrochloric acid