Common Acids Sulfuric Acid H 2 SO 4 Nitric Acid HNO 3 Phosphoric Acid H 3 PO 4 Food flavoring Hydrochloric Acid HCl Stomach acid Acetic Acid Carbonic Acid CH 3 COOH H 2 CO 3 Battery acid Used to make fertilizers and explosives Vinegar Carbonated water
Formation of Hydronium Ions 1+ 1+ 1+ + H+ H 2 O hydrogen ion (a proton) water H 3 O + hydronium ion
Sulfuric Acid, H 2 SO 4 Sulfuric acid is the most commonly produced industrial chemical in the world. Uses: petroleum refining, metallurgy, manufacture of fertilizer, many industrial processes: metals, paper, paint, dyes, detergents Sulfuric acid is used in automobile batteries. H 2 SO 4 “oil of vitriol”
Nitric Acid, HNO 3 Nitric acid stains proteins yellow (like your skin). Uses: make explosives, fertilizers, rubber, plastics, dyes, and pharmaceuticals. HNO 3 “aqua fortis”
Hydrochloric Acid, HCl The stomach produces HCl to aid in the digestion of food. Uses: For ‘pickling’ iron and steel. Pickling is the immersion of metals in acid solution to remove surface impurities. A dilute solution of HCl is called muriatic acid (available in many hardware stores). Muriatic acid is commonly used to adjust p. H in swimming pools and in the cleaning of masonry. HCl(g) + H 2 O(l) hydrogen chloride water HCl(aq) hydrochloric acid