Columbus Spanish French Dutch 1492 1680 Columbus n

Columbus, Spanish, French, Dutch 1492 -1680

Columbus n n n Looking for a new trade route to China; spread Christianity to Asian People Reached Bahamas Brought back no gold but reports of lands encourages monarchs to send more voyages Began transatlantic trade in slaves Spain wanted to make this “new world” a Spanish World

Columbian Exchange New World to Europe: -corn, potatoes (white and sweet), tomatoes, cacao, beans, chilies, squash, gold and silver Europe to New World: -sugar cane, wheat, rice, peaches, oranges, bananas, onions, yams, peas, horses, cattle, sheep, goats, pigs, diseases

Treaty of Tordesillas 1494 n n n Compromise between Spain and Portugal over claims in New World Drew an imaginary line West of line was Spanish Sphere of influence n n East of line was Portugal’s Reason why Brazil speaks Portuguese, not Spanish!

Treaty Line

Spanish Colonization in the Americas n n n “God, Glory and Gold” South America: seize Aztecs, Incas Aided by superior European military technology and disease (small pox) Mesoamerica: 1500 40 million Natives 1650 3 million Natives Imposed Spanish law and customs on remaining Natives – often cruel and unwelcome All of the gold and silver flowed into Spain making it the most wealthy nation in the world

St. Augustine, Florida n n 1565 - Spanish build a fort at St. Augustine Florida to protect Florida from other European explorers First permanent European settlement in U. S.

Forcing Catholicism n n n Spanish missionaries, especially the Franciscans, forced Catholicism on the Natives Missionaries were given local control over the Spanish lands in the Southwest Built missions and churches near Indian pueblos n n n Often learned Native languages Franciscans often brutal and did not follow Spanish laws established to protect Natives Whippings, high taxes, forced labor

Pueblo Revolt 1680 n n n After 100 years of abuse, Pope led peoples of 24 pueblos in revolt against the Spanish Killed over 400 Spanish, sent 2, 000 fleeing, destroyed churches, tortured and killed 21 missionaries Natives were re-conquered a decade later, but allowed to keep their own religion

Conclusion: Spain in America n n n Spain achieved a large empire in America Failed in religious conversion and cultural assimilation Extent of defensible outposts by 1700 - New Mexico to Florida

French in America n n 1500 s French set out in search of a northwest passage to China – found Canada discouraged by harsh winters “It is the land God gave Cain” 1608 Quebec is founded – first permanent French settlement - goals n Economic and Spiritual “Furs and Souls”

Economics - Fur Trade n n n Beaver Hat – popular attire for Europeans 1625 -1800 n Why the fur trade? Requires cooperation from Indians are viewed as economic partners Indians received guns, metal hatchets, blankets and clothing, jewelry, and knives

Negative Effects of Fur Trade – Indian Perspective n n French brought European diseases which devastated the population – 90% Indians became dependent on European goods French introduced alcohol Set in motion several Indian wars

French Empire in North America n n Established the port of New Orleans Fur Trade Company Not a settler colony – received limited support from Paris Corruption hindered economic growth

n n French Jesuits lived among Indians and Spiritual learned culture and language Did not force Indians into slavery Addressed the needs as a result -successful in winning coverts Indian women embraced the concept of the Virgin Mary – women became master of their own bodies Impact “Black Robes”

Dutch n n 1609 - Henry Hudson, an Englishmen, hired by the Dutch claimed the Hudson River for Holland 1624 - Dutch West India Company established the colony of New Netherland to develop fur trading n n 1626 - Peter Minuit purchases Manhattan for $24 form Canarsie Indians Dutch established trading post at New Amsterdam (now NYC) Became a thriving sea port and a colony open to many faiths and languages 1664 - became an English colony