Columbia University Department of Computer Science Henning Schulzrinne

Columbia University Department of Computer Science Henning Schulzrinne, Chair Department of Computer Science IBM CAS

Columbia Computer Science in Numbers • ~34 full-time faculty and lecturers – + visitors, postdocs, adjunct faculty, joint appointments (EE, IEOR), … • 125 Ph. D students (~10 new arrivals) • 221 MS students (120 new arrivals) • 100 CS undergraduate majors (juniors, seniors) – + 20 computer engineering students Columbia CS

Faculty: 34 (31 tenure track, 3 lecturers) + 3 joint Aho Allen Belhumeur Gravano Grinspun Gross Malkin Schulzrinne Mc. Keown Servedio Bellovin Grunschlag Cannon Carloni Edwards Feiner Hirschberg Jebara Kaiser Kender Misra Nayar Nieh Nowick Shortliffe Stolfo Stein Traub Ramamoorthi Unger Ross Wozniakowski Galil Keromytis Rubenstein Yannakakis Yemini Columbia CS

Columbia Computer Science Research UI, NLP, collab work graphics, robotics, vision Interacting with networks, security, OS, software eng Humans quantum computing, crypto, learning, algorithms Interacting with (5 faculty) The Physical World (9) Computer Systems Science Theory (11) (8) databases, data mining, machine learning Making Sense of Data Designing (7) Digital Systems (4) Columbia CS CAD, async circuits, embedded systems

Research areas Interacting with the Physical World graphics, robotics, vision Allen, Belhumeur, Feiner, Grinspun, Grunschlag, Jebara, Kender, Nayar, Ramamoorthi Interacting with Humans user interfaces, natural language and speech processing, collaborative work, personalized agents Feiner, Hirschberg, Kaiser, Kender, Mc. Keown Systems networks, distributed systems, security, compilers, software engineering, programming languages, OS Aho, Bellovin, Edwards, Kaiser, Keromytis, Malkin, Misra, Nieh, Schulzrinne, Stolfo, Yemini Designing Digital Systems digital and VLSI design, CAD, asynchronous circuits, embedded systems Carloni, Edwards, Nowick, Unger Making Sense of Data databases, data mining, Web search, machine learning applications Cannon, Gravano, Jebara, Kaiser, Ross, Servedio, Stolfo Computer Science Theory cryptography, quantum computing, complexity, machine learning theory, graph theory, algorithms Aho, Galil, Gross, Malkin, Servedio, Traub, Wozniakowski, Yannakakis Columbia CS

CCLS: A Research Center in CS The Center for Computational Learning Systems (CCLS) aims to be a world leader in learning and data mining research and the application of this research to natural language understanding, the World Wide Web, bioinformatics, systems security and other emerging areas. CCLS will emphasize interdisciplinary efforts with other departments at Columbia, and will leverage Columbia's CS Department's strengths in learning, data mining and natural language processing, extending the effective size and scope of the Department's research effort. Columbia CS

Interacting with Humans: Newsblaster • • Automatic summarization of articles on the same event Generation of summary sentences Tracking events across days Foreign news English summaries Columbia CS Faculty: Kathy Mc. Keown

Working with IBM Text-to-Speech Synth. Group • Joint work between Michael Picheny’s TTS group and Julia Hirschberg and students at CU • Issue: IBM’s Research TTS system one of the best, but even the best TTS systems often do not sound like humans: – intonation – ability to convey human emotion to a listener • Our joint goal: to enhance the IBM system to improve naturalness and expressiveness via – Better assignment of intonational prominence and phrasing – Additional flexibility to produce ‘emotional’ speech (certainty/uncertainty, anger/frustration) Columbia CS

Interacting with Humans: Learning to Match Authors Entity Resolution of Anonymized Publications 7 Teams: UMass, Maryland, Fair-Isaac, Illinois, Rutgers, CMU, Columbia Key 1 - Permutational Text Kernels 2 - Permutational Clustering 3 - SVM Error rate 1 3 2 Columbia Source: 2005 KDD Challenge Columbia CS Faculty: Tony Jebara

Windows XP Systems: Distributed Channel Allocation in Mobile Mesh Networks Channel Allocation Protocol TCP/IP MCL* NDIS** Dev. Con 802. 11 card A 802. 11 card B CEPSR research building Multi-radio mesh node Results • Channel scarcity need automated channel allocation in 802. 11 mesh networks • Allocates radios by self-stabilizing algorithm based on graph coloring • First self-organizing mechanism & implementation • Network self-organizes in seconds • Network throughput improvement of 20 -100% cf. static channel allocation Collaborators: Victor Bahl and Jitendra Padhye @ MSR Columbia CS Faculty: Misra/Rubenstein

Systems: Creating new services for Vo. IP • • Old telecom model: – Programmers create mass-market applications – new service each decade Our (web) model: – Users and administrators create universe of tailored applications Incorporate human context: – location, mood, actions, … “Eclipse for service creation” – Based on presence, location, privacy preferences – Learn based on user actions Columbia CS Faculty: Henning Schulzrinne

Self-healing Software Systems • Novel techniques for software that repairs its failures based on Observe-Orient-Decide-Act (OODA) loop • Demonstrated concept with two experimental prototypes – One aimed at the problem of worms – One aimed at software survivability in general • Application Communities: enable large numbers of identical applications to collaboratively monitor their health and share alerts Columbia CS

Self-patching Architecture • Systems approach to creating software that: – Detects new attacks/failures – Automatically generates and applies appropriate fixes • Developed error virtualization as a generic “band-aid” technique • Prototypes for open-source and binary-only environments • Efficient security and high availability mechanism with little performance penalty • Spin-off: Revive Systems Inc. Columbia CS

Computer Graphics and User Interfaces Lab (Prof. S. Feiner) Cursorless Input for Wearable UIs Gábor Blaskó • Columbia CS Minimize need for visual feedback in wearable user interfaces – E. g. , watch bezel serves as “tactile landmarks” to guide user’s finger

Columbia/FSTC Relationship • A group of 6 CS faculty manage the Security Standing Committee • The CS department hosts the FSTC executive director, and provides facilities for meetings • Members include most of the largest banks and financial institutions and IT security vendors • Industry collaborative R&D Projects dealing with security of the IT infrastructure Columbia CS

Conclusion • Broad-based research motivated by real problems • Breaking new ground in several key areas, e. g. : – – Natural language processing New network services and models Network security Graphics & vision • Columbia has a growing impact on computer science as demonstrated in successfully bringing new technology to the field – Start-ups – Standardization – Education Columbia CS