COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY Department of Chemistry Laboratory Safety C

COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY Department of Chemistry Laboratory Safety C 2507 -2004 Luis Avila 455 Chandler Labs avila@chem. columbia. edu

Standards for Occupational Exposure to Hazardous Chemicals in Laboratories 1. The Hazard Communication Standard 2. Proper Work Practices 3. Engineering Controls-Chemical fume hoods 4. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) 5. Hazardous Chemical Waste Procedures 6. Medical Emergencies 7. Emergencies Involving Hazardous Materials 8. Fire Safety

The Hazard Communication Standard • NFPA (National Fire Protection Association) Hazard Identification System http: //www. nfpa. org/Home/index. asp NFPA Hazard Diamond • Lab Safety Supply Inc. http: //www. labsafety. com/ HMIG (Hazardous Material Identification Guide) • MSDS (Material Safety Data Sheets) http: //www. msdssearch. com/DBLinks. N. htm

NFPA 704 Hazard Identification System NFPA Hazard Diamond Flammability Reactivity Health Special Precautions

Flammability Number Properties Example 0 Will not burn Water 1 Pre-heated before ignition can occur Melting point apparatus oil 2 Relatively high ambient temperature before Diesel fuel oil ignition can occur 3 Can be ignited under almost all ambient temperature conditions. Ethyl ether 4 Rapidly vaporize at normal conditions, or that are readily dispersed in air and that will burn readily Aluminum chloride

Health Number Properties Example 0 Harmful on exposure under fire Corn oil 1 On exposure would cause irritation with minor residual injury Chloroform 2 Intense or chronic exposure could cause temporary incapacitation or possible residual injury Ammonia gas 3 On short exposure could cause serious temporary or serious injury Chlorine gas 4 On very short exposure causes death or major residual injury Hydrogen Cyanide

Reactivity Number Properties Example 0 Normally stable even under fire Liquid nitrogen 1 Becomes unstable at elevated temperature and pressures Red or white phosphorus 2 Violent chemical change at elevated temperatures and pressures or which reacts violently with water, or which may form explosive mixtures with water 3 Detonation or explosive decomposition. Requires a strong initiating source or which must be heated under confinement before initiation or which reacts explosively with water 4 Capable of detonation or explosive decomposition or reaction at normal temperatures and pressures Calcium metal Sodium azide Trinitrotoluene (TNT)

Special Precautions Symbol Properties Example Unusual reactivity with water Alkali metals Unstable at elevated temperature and pressures Ammonium nitrate Acidic material Hydrochloric acid ALK Alkaline material Sodium hydroxide COR Corrosive Material OX ACID Radioactive material Chromic acid Plutonium Metal

Hazard Material Identification System (HMIG Label) Lab Safety Supply Inc.

Dust respirator Vapor respirator Face shield Apron Airline hood or mask Splash Goggles Dust and Vapor respirator PPE symbols used in HMIG A B C D E F G H I J K X Ask supervisor or EHRS specialist

http: //www. hr. columbia. edu/ehrs/html/msds. html Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) Section 1: Chemical Identity The material's chemical and common names, and a list of all hazardous ingredients. Section 2: Ingredients and Occupational Exposure Limits Legal exposure limits (OSHA and other recommended limits). This frequently includes toxicity information Section 3: Physical Data Physical and chemical characteristics such as vapor pressure, flash point, density, boiling point Section 4: Physical Hazards Fire and explosion data. Reactivity data. Signs and symptoms of exposure. Section 5: Reactivity Data Section 6: Health hazard data Carcinogenicity Summary of Risks Primary Entry Routes. The route(s) by which the material could most likely enter the body Section 7: Spill, leak, and disposal procedures: Hygienic practices, protective measures required during handling of contaminated equipment, and procedures for clean-up of spills and leaks. Section 8: Special Protection data Any control measures known to the party preparing the MSDS, such as engineering controls, work practices, or personal protective equipment. Section 9 Special Precautions and comments: Storage requirements, engineering controls, administrative controls

Toxicity Values found in MSDS Material LD 50 (mg/kg) subject, route Pointer Sucrose 29700 rat, oral MSDS Sodium bicarbonate 4220 rat, oral MSDS Sodium chloride 3000 rat, oral MSDS Ethanol 2080 rat, oral MSDS Caffeine 192 rat, oral MSDS Sodium cyanide 6. 4 rat, oral MSDS Sarin (nerve agent) 2. 4 human, percutaneous MSDS VX (nerve agent 0. 14 human, percutaneous MSDS

Proper Work Practices in the Laboratory q Attire q Conduct, Behavior q Proper Handling of Chemicals and Equipment

Proper Work Practices in the Laboratory q Do not store chemicals or equipment on the floor q Maintain adequate aisle space q Know location of protective equipment -Fire extinguisher -Safety Shower -Eye Wash -Spill Response Kit -First Aid Kit

Equipment Handling Lasers (Power & Wavelenght) • • • Class I < 0. 9 m. W (CAUTION) Class IIIa 4 m. W (CAUTION) Class IIIb 50 m. J (DANGER) Class IV 50 W (DANGER) Avoid reflective surfaces Wear Safety Goggles with low band pass filter (Ex. 1. 064µ) Avoid skin contact

Equipment Handling q Valve regulators q Gas Cylinders q Venting Hoods q Power Supplies q Vacuum and High Pressure Lines

Accessibility q Maintain clear access to all protection equipment q Keep lab door closed

Chemical Fume Hoods q Keep hoods free of unneeded chemicals and apparatus q Work in hoods with sash set to proper height q. Check that fume hood is in proper working order before using q Have all required and necessary hazard placards

Gas Cylinders q q Store cylinders not being used in designated areas, not in the Lab Do not secure cylinders to electric conduits or plumbing Keep all cylinders secured and standing upright Transport cylinders with proper hand trucks and with the cap on

Hazardous Chemical Waste Procedures Environmental Health and Radiation Safety (EHRS) Division at Columbia University http: //www. hr. columbia. edu/ehrs/html/hazardous_regulated_waste. html General EHRS Office Numbers: X 4 -8749, X 44658

Fire Safety. Combustion http: //www. hr. columbia. edu/ehrs/html/fire_safety. html Oxidizer Reducer Heat

Reporting a Fire q Incidents not related to Columbia University Dial 911 q Campus Rolm phone system Dial 99 q Manual Pull Stations Located at Exits

Medical Emergencies q Incidents not related to Columbia University Dial 911 q Campus Rolm phone system Dial 99 q Columbia Area Volunteer Ambulance http: //www. columbia. edu/cu/cava/home. html

When to Sound a Fire Alarm q ANY Fire or Smoke Condition q Dangerous Situation Crime in Progress, Suspicious activities q For Emergency Building Evacuation

Laboratory Evacuation Procedures q Turn Off All Apparatus Within Reach That Can Be Safely Turned Off q Close Fume Hood Sash q Close All Chemical Containers That You Are Working With

Laboratory Evacuation Procedures q Know Location Of Fire Exit, Count Number of Doors q Look For Exit Sign q Use Nearest Stair q Do Not Use Elevator Exit Building And Move Away From Door To Allow Security And Fire Department Access

In the Event of a Real Fire q Feel Door, If Hot, Do not Open q If Smoke or Heat is Present, Remain in Room, Close Door, and Seal Cracks q If Possible Phone Security and Give Your Location q Stand at Window to Signal Security Or Fire Dept q Report any People That Might Still Be Inside q If You Catch Fire, Stop-drop-and-Roll q Never Jump Or Climb Out A Window

Fire Extinguisher Types Class Of Fire Class A, Combustibles, Paper Class B, Grease And Oil Class C, D Electrical Extinguisher Types Pressurized Water CO 2 Class B -C Dry Chemical, B-C Or A-B-C-D Check Label.