Colt International Ltd Smoke shafts v pressurisation Colt

Colt International Ltd Smoke shafts -v- pressurisation Colt CPD Technical Seminar “People feel better in Colt conditions ” | www. coltinfo. co. uk “Peoplefeelbetterinin. Coltconditions” | |www. coltgroup. com www. coltinfo. co. uk

“Peoplefeelbetterinin. Coltconditions” | |www. coltgroup. com www. coltinfo. co. uk

A brief history of Colt • A private company founded in 1931 • I J O’Hea OBE (1897 - 1984) • 2015 Group turnover £ 142 million • Manufactures in the UK, Holland, Germany and China I J O’Hea Colt Founder “Peoplefeelbetterinin. Coltconditions” | |www. coltgroup. com www. coltinfo. co. uk

Current UK Business Markets • Smoke Control • Solar Shading • Natural Ventilation • Louvre • Environmental Comfort Control “Peoplefeelbetterinin. Coltconditions” | |www. coltgroup. com www. coltinfo. co. uk

Smoke shafts –v- pressurisation Covering: 1. What do these systems do? 2. Legal basis and standards: 3. Relative benefits, performance, space and cost 4. Compensation for non-compliant layouts - Extended Travel Distances etc. 5. Which system should I choose? “Peoplefeelbetterinin. Coltconditions” | |www. coltgroup. com www. coltinfo. co. uk

What do these systems do? • Protect stairs from smoke ingress - to aid safe evacuation - to aid safe fire fighting access • Reduce smoke ingress to lobbies or corridors adjoining stairs • Reduce risk of smoke spread via lifts - Protect fire fighting or evacuation lifts from smoke ingress Design basis is always a single fire, not located in the stair, lobby or lift. “Peoplefeelbetterinin. Coltconditions” | |www. coltgroup. com www. coltinfo. co. uk

Legislation and standards Legislation In the UK the relevant legislation is Building Regulations and their associated guidance documents (Approved Document B in England Wales and its equivalents in Scotland Ireland). In ADB: Smoke control is recommended, directly or by reference to BS 5588 in: • residential escape stairs • all fire fighting stairs • AOV, natural shafts and pressure differential systems are largely treated as equivalents • mechanical shafts are not discussed (too new) • pressurisation can also be added to avoid discounting a stair or adding lobbies in commercial buildings “Peoplefeelbetterinin. Coltconditions” | |www. coltgroup. com www. coltinfo. co. uk

Legislation and standards Standards In the UK we have: BS 5588 (withdrawn) BS 9991 BS 9999: 2017 recommends a pressure differential system or mechanical smoke ventilation system if a building has a floor more than 30 m above ground level. BS 9991: 2015 recommends either an AOV system, natural shaft, mechanical smoke ventilation or a pressure differential system if a building has a floor more than 11 m above ground level and a single stair. BS EN 12101 -6 is the design standard for pressure differential systems “Peoplefeelbetterinin. Coltconditions” | |www. coltgroup. com www. coltinfo. co. uk

Legislation and standards BS EN 12101 -6 Sets requirements for 6 different classes of system. Only 2 are commonly used: A & B. Closed Door Requirements Open Door Requirement Class Stair (Pa) Lift Shaft (Pa) Lobby (Pa) Velocity (m/s) A 50 50* 45* 0. 75 B 50 50 45 2. 0 * = If pressurised Open Doors Stair door on fire floor Stair door on floor below Lobby door on fire floor Lift door on floor below Final exit door “Peoplefeelbetterinin. Coltconditions” | |www. coltgroup. com www. coltinfo. co. uk

Legislation and standards Do mechanical smoke shafts provide depressurisation to BS EN 12101 -6? • The standard was not written with this in mind • 50 Pa? • 0. 75 m/s? • 100 N? • Standby fans? • Conclusion: No, but it does match some requirements. “Peoplefeelbetterinin. Coltconditions” | |www. coltgroup. com www. coltinfo. co. uk

Performance comparison Pressure relief damper FIRE FLOOR Accommodation air release ventilator 2 m/s average velocity Lift door open Smoke detector Stairs First floor Ground floor “Peoplefeelbetterinin. Coltconditions” | |www. coltgroup. com www. coltinfo. co. uk

Performance comparison Mechanical smoke shaft Pressurisation Stair: Kept smoke free Lobby: Likely to be smoky for limited Lobby: Kept smoke free if Lifts: Usually protected from smoke Lifts: Kept smoke free if lift or lobbies periods entry by light depressurisation of lobby pressurised, otherwise likely to be smoky for limited periods pressurised. Otherwise not specifically protected “Peoplefeelbetterinin. Coltconditions” | |www. coltgroup. com www. coltinfo. co. uk

Space requirements (shafts) A mechanical shaft system needs a single shaft, typically 0. 5 m 2 to 1 m 2 cross section. A pressurisation system needs: • • A shaft for each area pressurised, typically 0. 15 m 2 to 2. 0 m 2 Accommodation air release (another shaft? ) + + Stair Lobbies? Lift? “Peoplefeelbetterinin. Coltconditions” | |www. coltgroup. com www. coltinfo. co. uk

Space requirements (roof) “Peoplefeelbetterinin. Coltconditions” | |www. coltgroup. com www. coltinfo. co. uk

Design “Peoplefeelbetterinin. Coltconditions” | |www. coltgroup. com www. coltinfo. co. uk

Difficulties and issues – smoke shafts • Excess depressurisation • Large doors • Basement stair inlet Fire Fighting Lobby negative Staircase “Peoplefeelbetterinin. Coltconditions” | |www. coltgroup. com www. coltinfo. co. uk

Difficulties and issues - pressurisation • Large doors • Quality of building construction • Accommodation Air Release “Peoplefeelbetterinin. Coltconditions” | |www. coltgroup. com www. coltinfo. co. uk

Costs You get what you pay for. Pressurisation can provide the best protection but is the most expensive. A mechanical shaft is next best and next most expensive. A natural shaft is less expensive (but takes up more valuable space). AOV are low cost but provide the least good protection. “Peoplefeelbetterinin. Coltconditions” | |www. coltgroup. com www. coltinfo. co. uk

Non-ADB compliant buildings Extended travel distances in residential buildings “Peoplefeelbetterinin. Coltconditions” | |www. coltgroup. com www. coltinfo. co. uk

Non-ADB compliant buildings Refurbishment / change of use It’s not uncommon for older buildings to be unable to comply with current layout requirements (number of stairs, lobbies, etc). • Pressurisation? • Alternatives? “Peoplefeelbetterinin. Coltconditions” | |www. coltgroup. com www. coltinfo. co. uk

Which system do I choose? There’s no hard and fast answer, but this table might help guide you. Taller than 30 m? If following BS 9991 or BS 9999, pressurisation or mechanical shaft is recommended. Space is tight? A mechanical shaft system is normally most space efficient (if AOVs not suitable). Budget is tight? Natural ventilation is the low cost option if practical. To avoid lobbies or discounting a stair Pressurisation. For extended travel distances An enhanced mechanical shaft system is essential. “Peoplefeelbetterinin. Coltconditions” | |www. coltgroup. com www. coltinfo. co. uk

Further Reading Colt Webinars: • Smoke and environmental ventilation of multi-storey buildings using shafts • Pressurisation systems in residential and commercial buildings http: //blog. coltinfo. co. uk/webinar-calendar Colt Whitepapers • Smoke and environmental ventilation of multi-storey buildings using shafts • Which is best for protecting escape routes: a smoke shaft system or a pressurisation system? http: //blog. coltinfo. co. uk/white-papers Approved Document B BS 9991: 2015 BS 9999: 2017 BS EN 12101 -6: 2005 “Peoplefeelbetterinin. Coltconditions” | |www. coltgroup. com www. coltinfo. co. uk

Ventilation In Car Parks Q&A Session… “People feel better in Colt conditions ” | www. coltgroup. com “Peoplefeelbetterinin. Coltconditions” | |www. coltgroup. com www. coltinfo. co. uk