Colonizing the Chesapeake and New England Colonies For

Colonizing the Chesapeake and New England Colonies For notes in US History – anything written between parenthesis does not need to be written down

English Colonization n n Most famous “pirate” was Sir Francis Drake. 1607 -Jamestown established in Virginia. 1621 -colony of Massachusetts established! English colonization had begun!

Joint Stock Companies formed (English decided to make n n the “process” of colonization less dangerous for them. ) Two companies are formed to colonize the Americas. – Plymouth Company. – London Co. Of Virginia. n n Territory was named Virginia. Takes three years to raise money, supplies for trip.

Joint Stock Companies Designed to make investors money! n Controlled by a Board of Directors. n Shareholders make money when products are brought back from Colony and sold for a profit. n Main Goal is to Make Money! n

London Company of Virginia n n Organized by Business investors. June of 1606, King James grants them a Charter to form colony of Jamestown (December of 1606 money secured in England for 3 ships and 144 men. ) Hired No Farmers – All City Folk

April 1607 • Rough Atlantic Crossing - left during Hurricane season • (Many have never been on board of a ship before!) • 39 men die during the Voyage • Reach the Chesapeake in July of 1607 - Weather is warm and Muggy (gross) • (Orders opened upon arrival dictate) John Smith as one of the leaders.

July / August 1607 • Settlers build a trading post in the Middle of a River Delta / swamp. • People start to die off immediately – No Sanitation • (Pit dug near the river to be used as a toilet/waste disposal…below the water line) • Colonists contract “Bloody Flux” – aka dysentery

January of 1608 – (you think you have it bad) • Things are at their worst • A Supply ship arrives with 120 new men • They found (a large Graveyard with) only 38 survivors • (5 Days after arrival, supplies and shelter burn to the ground)

Spring of 1608 • 158 people are able to survive through the Winter • Aided by the local Indian tribes. (Chief Opeshcancanough believes that is what he should do) • English start digging up the surrounding countryside looking for Gold

Smith’s Mission • Survival is his #1 priority • Motto: “you don’t work…you don’t eat!” • Daily life becomes like a boot camp – Saved the citizens of Jamestown

Captain John Smith • By Spring of 1608 Smith is over it – He uses military background to seize control of settlement in January of 1608. • Moved settlement of Jamestown up River to higher ground

(Pocahontas • She was the daughter of the chief of the Powhatan. • She married John Rolfe, a tobacco farmer and went to England. • She died there and is buried in a London graveyard. • She never married John Smith!)

Three types of colonies in New World • Plantation Colonies: A society based on the cultivation of a cash crop. (tobacco, rice, indigo) • Trading Colonies: A society based on trade with the native peoples of a region. (beaver fur, pelts, fish) • Settlement Colonies: A society based on subsistence farming. (lumber, shipbuilding, trade with Europe)

Jamestown after Smith • Smith had moved the settlement upstream & it was moved again after he left. • Eventually became a trading port for English tobacco farmers. • English never found any Gold of significance.

New England Colonies Middle Colonies Chesapeake Colonies Southern Colonies Prison Colony

Mercantilism Economic Theory of most European Nations between 1500 and 1700. Definition - maximizing net exports is the best route to national prosperity. Is the idea that the only true measure of a country’s wealth and success was the amount of gold that it had.

• Difficult winter (44 out of 102 survived)…. • (First year went through a “starving time”) • Developed friendly relations with Indian tribes • Squanto befriended settlement • Plymouth settlement survived under the leadership of Gov. William Bradford • (First Thanksgiving)

Contrast with Virginia: Different environment & key role of religion for Puritans n (Congregationalists & Separatists n Pilgrims (the latter) found Plymouth (1620) n – Fled Religious and Political Persecution)

• 41 Male passengers on the Mayflower signed a compact promising to write and obey "just and equal laws”. . . for the general good of the colony. " • The compact brought an element of democracy to America • became example of the practice of selfgovernment in the colonies.

• John Winthrop, founder of the Massachusetts Bay Colony • (Middle class settlers, educated and organized) • Successful as fur traders, fishermen and shipbuilders • (Ruled as “Bible Commonwealth” or theocracy) • (New England Way = Puritan covenant with God) • To establish holy society----”city upon a hill”

v. Pilgrims merge with the Puritans to form Massachusetts Bay Colony v. Communities organized v. Established v. Protestant Ethic v. Family well towns Work values

New England Massachusetts New Hampshire Rhode Island Connecticut

Building the Bay Colony n n Clergy were barred from formal political office – early “church/state separation” Puritan ideas: “calling” to God’s work, Protestant work ethic, limited worldly pleasures, fear of hell

Middle Colonies New York Pennsylvania New Jersey Delaware

New Netherland (New York) n n 1609: Henry Hudson (sailing for Dutch East India Company) sails into Hudson River (looking for passage through continent )~ claims area for Dutch Goal: quick-profit fur trade “Bought” Manhattan from Indians Company town: no religious tolerance or free speech, harsh governors

New York Harbor, 1639

New Amsterdam

Dutch Conflicts n Dutch cruelties to Indians brought retaliatory massacres – Dutch built wall (Wall Street)

n n Mid-1600 s: religious dissenters named Quakers arose in England Hated by authorities because they refused to pay taxes to Church of England, refused to take oaths, refused military

q. Penn governs the colony q. Government guaranteed elected assembly, q. Charter of Liberties freedom of worship, open immigration qfair treatment of Native Americans

Metacom (the son of a chief and a. k. a. King Phillip) formed Indian alliance – attacked settlers throughout New England, (especially frontier) English towns were attacked and burned unknown numbers of Indians died 1676: War ended, Metacom executed, lasting defeat for Indians