Colonizing America Middle Colonies New York n Between

Colonizing America

Middle Colonies New York n Between the two groups of English Colonies were lands the Dutch controlled. n England attacked and took over the Dutch colony of New Amsterdam in 1664. n King Charles II gave the colony to his brother, the Duke of York. n Renamed it New York

New York was a proprietary colony. n Proprietary colony-a colony in which the owner or proprietor owned all the land controlled the government. n It was one of the fastest growing colonies. n Diverse Population: Dutch, German, Swedish, Native American, and the first Jews to settle in N. America. n

New Jersey Named after the island of Jersey in the English Channel. n Attracted more settlers by offering large tracts of land; freedom of religion; trial by jury and a representative assembly. n It was a place of ethnic and religious diversity. n

Pennsylvania n n n Founder-William Penn, a wealthy English Quaker. Received the colony as a debt payment from King Charles II. Quakers- also called the Society of Friends. They believed everyone was equal. They were Pacifists-refused to use force or fight in wars. Philadelphia-Penn designed and supervised building the “city of brotherly love”.

Delaware Formed from the lower counties of Pennsylvania. n Operated as a separate colony but under Pennsylvania’s governor. n

Southern Colonies Plantations-Important to the economic growth of the Southern Colonies. n As plantations grew-need for more workers increased. n

English Criminals and prisoners of war were shipped to the Colonies. Had to earn their release by working, usually 7 years. n Many came as indentured servants. They worked without pay for a certain length of time to pay for their passage to America. n

Maryland Came from the dream of Sir George Calvert, Lord Baltimore. n Wanted a safe place for his fellow Catholics who were being persecuted in England. n He died before receiving his grant of landhis son Cecelious sent two of his brothers to run the colony. n

Maryland Cont. The Calvert and Penn families argued about the Maryland/Pennsylvania border. n Hired Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon to map the boundary. Called the Mason. Dixon Line. n Catholics were soon outnumbered and protestant controlled assembly made the Anglican Church of official religion of Maryland. n

Virginia As Virginia expanded further west into Native American lands, Gov. Berkeley made a pledge to them to keep from pushing further west. n Nathanial Bacon-young planter who opposed colonial gov’t. n He led attacks on Native American villages. Called Bacon’s Rebellion. n

Carolina’s 1663 -King Charles created a proprietary colony south of Virginia. n Named Carolina- Latin for “Charles’ Land. n John Locke-English philosopher, wrote the colony’s constitution. n Didn’t develop as planned and split into Northern and Southern, creating two colonies. n

North Carolina Grew tobacco; sold timber and tar. n Had no good harbor so used Virginia’s ports for trade. n

South Carolina Fertile farmland good harbor (Charleston). n Traded in deerskin, lumber, and beef. n Discovered rice grew well in lowlands but needed slave labor. n

Georgia Last British colony set up in America. n James Oglethorpe received a charter for a colony where debtors and poor people could make a fresh start. n Also hoped Georgia’s location would protect other colonies from Spain. n Colony has slow growth-didn’t develop as Oglethorpe had planned. n