Colonies Take Root Chapter 3 1587 1752 Page

Colonies Take Root Chapter 3 1587 - 1752 Page 64 -93

Colonies Chapter 3 Section I Pages:

Introduction England’s Thirteen Colonies were located on the Atlantic Coast inbetween French Canada and Spanish Florida. The Thirteen Colonies can be divided into three regions. Each region was unique and gave the English a wide variety of opportunities and “personalities. ”

New England The Middle Colonies The South

Legislative Branch in England Since 1200’s, English law and the lawmaking body called Parliament limited the power of the king or queen of England. The King of England still had more power than Parliament, but the people were becoming more powerful. One of the major changes was the king could only set new taxes with Parliament’s consent.

Evolution of Self governing Later self governing would grow with the help from English citizens and colonial citizens. Mayflower Compact – would allow for self-governing in the New England colonies. English Bill of Rights would extend English citizens’ rights Cato’s Letters – These articles would expose the harsh governing system of the British government Common Sense – This pamphlet provided information that supported the colonial cause of independence and helped spark the American Revolution!

Colonial Beginnings How would England benefit from having colonies? Mercantilism! Colonies would provide new markets for English products and important raw materials for English industries.

Why did European governments want to create colonies in the Americas? Mercantilism – European governments wanted to practice the economic theory of mercantilism. They wanted colonies to provide the home/mother country with resources, so businesses could produce manufacture goods and sell them back to the colonists.

Why set up a Colony? There were several reasons individuals wanted to start colonies in the New World. Some individuals thought they could strike rich like the Conquistadors of Spain in Central and South America Other individuals were Interested in religious freedoms and felt the New World was a perfect opportunity to start their own religious utopia! Still others wanted to practice new ideas of government and embrace new political freedoms.

How to start up a colony? No matter what the reason for their colony, individuals/companies needed to obtain a charter! A charter is a document issued by a government that grants specific rights to a person or company.

First Established Colony There were some attempts by the English to establish colonies in the New World. However a handful of them failed. Individuals that came over were more interested in strike rich in gold, that they did not realize they needed to prepare for winter. The first permanent settlement would be saved by Native Americans and Tobacco! Jamestown was the first permanent settlement for England in North America. It is also the first boom town in North America.

Jamestown’s Leadership! In the beginning of the Jamestown settlement, the outlook was very grim. The first settlers were not interested in living in the New World. Their intentions were to find gold and head back to England. Jamestown was established on a swamp area, disease spread through the colony and leadership was very poor. To help save the colony John Smith was sent over in 1608. John Smith was very strict and harsh rules. The most important rule was “He who works not, eats not. ” Under John Smith colonists were productive and effective.

Why would Jamestown need a rule like “He who works not, eats not? ” John Smith knew that Jamestown needed colonists to work together to produce enough food to last them through the winter. If people choose not to work/help the group production would fall and the colony would suffer. This is why if you did not work… you did not eat!

“Starving Time” Jamestown started to show improvements under John Smith. Individuals were focused on survival rather than money/gold. In the fall of 1609, John Smith was injured and returned to England. The winter of 1609 was severely harsh. “Starving Time, ” occurred during the winter of 1609 -1610, which colonists were no longer supplied by the Native Americans and ran out of their own food. Many colonists died during this period. By the spring time only 60 colonists were still alive.

What Saves Jamestown? The crop that saved Jamestown was tobacco, which was introduced to the Jamestown colony in 1612. Tobacco was a native plant of the Americas. By the end of the 1580’s, smoking tobacco was very popular in Europe. The individual who can be accredited to the tobacco industry in the English colonies is John Rolfe most likely obtained tobacco seeds in the Caribbean and planted them at the Jamestown colony. John Rolfe would also become the husband of the well known Native American, Pocahontas.

How did Jamestown become a boomtown? Jamestown became a boomtown off of the cash crop tobacco. Many Europeans became addicted to tobacco, which produced an overwhelming demand for the crop. Many colonists in Jamestown started producing tobacco in response to the high demand.

Representative Government? A representative government is a form of government in which voters elect people to make laws for them. The House of Burgesses was the first representative government in North America. It was Virginia’s lawmaking body that was elected and met to discuss issues with the colony. The House of Burgesses could pass laws and set taxes.

Pilgrims? A pilgrim is a person who takes a religious journey. People decided to make religious journeys, because they were being persecuted or treated badly in their homeland.

Mayflower Compact! The Mayflower Compact was a set of rules for the pilgrims to live by. It called for a government that would make and follow “just and equal laws. ” Officeholders would be elected by the colony’s adult men.

What was the purpose of the Mayflower Compact? The Mayflower Compact was designed to establish rules and guidelines for the colonists to follow before issues broke out.

Native American Interaction Native Americans, like Squanto, educated colonists how to survive in North America. They taught colonists how to and what to plant. How did Squanto know how to communicate with the Pilgrims? (Squanto Story)

Comparing Jamestown and Plymouth both had difficult times making it through the winter. Both colonies were educated and assisted by Native Americans. Both colonies were located very close to the Atlantic coast. Both colonies had colonists who were from England.

Contrast Jamestown and Plymouth JAMESTOWN Was able to become very profitable off of tobacco. They were funded and ran by the Virginia Company. They developed the House of Burgesses, which was focused on laws and taxes. PLYMOUTH Was founded by people on a religious journey in search of religious freedom. The Mayflower Compact focused on a government that would establish just and equal laws. Their colony focused more around religion and family rather than business.

How will the differences between Jamestown and Plymouth affect the way they develop into communities? Jamestown was focused on profiting off of tobacco, so many colonists living in Jamestown will be interested in economics and money. Plymouth was founded by people on a religious journey and in search of religious freedom. Colonists in Plymouth will probably focus more on religion and family.

New England Colonies Chapter 3 Section II Pages:

New England The Middle Colonies The South 13 Colonies Map

Climate, Resources & People Long winters & rocky soils Fishing, Shipbuilding, Trade, and Smuggling Heavy reliance on the Atlantic Ocean People relied on Subsistence Farming – produced enough for themselves + a little extra for trading Settlers from England made up the largest groups of the region’s population

Industry in New England It was difficult to farm in New England, due to the thin rocky soil. The New England colonies sat next to some of the richest fishing grounds in the world. Therefore, colonists decided to become fishermen.

Massachusetts Bay Colony The Massachusetts Bay Company was founded group known as the Puritans. Just like the earlier Pilgrims they left England after they were persecuted for their religious beliefs. The Puritans were led by John Wintrop.

What was the Puritans goal for establishing a colony in North America? The Puritans’ goal in North America was to establish a colony where they could practice their religion freely.

Government John Winthrop was Massachusetts’ first governor “The New England Way” – used by Puritans to describe their beliefs & society The Fundamental Orders of Connecticut – extended voting rights to non-church members & limited the governor’s power

Exiled from the colony! Roger Williams argued with Puritans and felt they should split entirely of the Church of England. He also spoke out against seizing Native American lands. He believed colonists should pay Native Americans for their land.

Roger Williams establishes Rhode Island Colonists established Rhode Island through a charter from the King. They decided that Rhode Island would have no established or official church. People of all faiths could worship in this colony.

Why would Rhode Island decide not to have an establish or official church? Rhode Island was founded by Roger Williams who was forced out of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. Roger Williams had separate views from the Puritans, which was the main reason he was exiled. Since Roger Williams was exiled due to his beliefs. He wanted Rhode Island to be a colony where people could express themselves without judgement.

Issues in Massachusetts? The major issue in the Massachusetts Bay Colony was disputes over religion. The Puritans did not believe in religious toleration, so many people were force to leave.

Government Involvement Town meetings allowed people to assemble, come together, and discuss issues within the town. Town meetings also set local taxes and elected people to run the towns.

Native Americans fight back Metacom wanted to stop Puritan expansion, so he united the Native Americans and fought the colonists. Metacom led a large war campaign on the colonists. Native Americans attacked several colonial towns and fought in battles against groups of colonial men. However, Metacom’s raids would come to an end. Metacom was killed in battle and his head was cut off and displayed in a Plymouth museum for twenty years.

England Pilgrims… Both the English government and the Puritans persecuted people that did not agree with them. They forced individuals to agree with their beliefs or they forced them to leave.

How did the Puritans contradict (reverse) their idea of moving to North American and establishing religious freedom? The Puritans contradicted their ideas of religious freedoms by persecuting individuals in their own colony. Individuals were exiled from the Massachusetts Bay Colony, if they disagreed with the Church or important members of the society.

Middle Colonies

Middle Colonies The 4 middle Colonies are: New York (NY), Pennsylvania (PA), New Jersey (NJ), and Delaware (DE) With a warmer climate and longer growing season, the Middle Colony colonists found farming to be easier than in New England. There is also fertile growing soil to grow wheat and vegetables

New York Began as a Dutch Colony By 1660 it was an economic success King Charles II offered all land in New Netherlands to King James sent a few warships Dutch surrendered immediately

New Netherland England wanted to control New Netherland, because it divided England’s Northern and Southern colonies. It also prevented colonists from moving west. Lastly, England the Netherlands were trade rivals, and Dutch were becoming and profitable in that area.

What issue did England have with the colony of New Netherland? The English colonists wanted to expand west. However, the major issue the English colonists had was the colony of New Netherland blocked English colonists’ expansion. The New Netherland colony split the northern and southern English colonies. The New Netherland colony rested between the Atlantic Coast Line and the Appalachian Mountains. (Covering the Hudson River Valley)

New Jersey Established in 1665 Became an English property when King James took New York Proprietary Colony Created by a grant of land from a monarch to an individual or family Royal Colony Controlled directly by the English king

What is the difference between a proprietary and royal colony? A Proprietary Colony – is created by a grant of land from a monarch to an individual or family A Royal Colony – is controlled directly by the English king A proprietary colony has the opportunity for more freedoms, because it is run by an individual/family. A royal colony has the potential for more restrictions emplaced by a king/queen.

Pennsylvania

Pennsylvania • Quakers • Believed people were free to worship whatever they wanted • William Penn considered his colony to be a “holy experiment, ” because his goal was to create a colony in which people from different religions backgrounds could live peacefully. • William Penn knew King Charles II personally • Got land to protect Quakers • Friendly to Native Americans

What is the purpose of Pennsylvania and the idea of a “holy experiment? ” Pennsylvania was founded by William Penn to provide a colony of religious freedom. William Penn wanted to create a colony where people from different religious backgrounds could live together peacefully. Philadelphia (a major city in Pennsylvania) – is Greek for the city of brotherly love.

Delaware Began as a Swedish colony Taken over by the Dutch Mostly governed by Pennsylvania until 1776 Round border

Backcountry The backcountry was a western frontier extending through several colonies, from Pennsylvania to Georgia

How were New York and New Jersey different after turning into royal colonies? The Colonists were now under the direct order of the king, so they probably lost rights. Is this fair for the Colonists?

What types of rights might colonists lose under direct rule of the king? When a king/queen takes over an area, they want to establish their rule. Typically the monarchy (king/queen) will limit citizens freedoms to organize and control the new secured populations. Colonists in New York would probably suffer limitations in rights such as voting or governing themselves.

Why did Native Americans and settlers clash in the backcountry? Settlers and Native Americans often fought over land disputes on the western frontier of the Colonies What could have prevented these disputes from happening?

Southern Colonies

Location The southern colonies were located along the Atlantic coastline and bordered on the west by the Appalachian mountains.

Southern Colonies Geography The Mason Dixon line separates Maryland Pennsylvania The Mason-Dixon Line was originally known for dividing Maryland from the colonies of Pennsylvania and Delaware. However, after the American revolution it became famous for the division of Northern Free States and Southern slave states. Geography favored development of plantation economy

What conflicts could rise from a split perspective on an issue?

Southern Colonies Maryland Virginia North Carolina South Carolina Georgia

Negative Impacts on Native Americans Colonists were in need of labor. Instead of hiring other Europeans to work for them. Colonists decided to enslave Native Americans who were enslaved faced harsh treatment and conditions. The Native Americans suffered from the diseases they were not immune to and violence that is associated with slave labor.

Southern Colonies Plantation- a large farm Plantation society divided rich and poor The South’s fertile soil and long growing season were ideal for crops like rice & tobacco. These plants required a lot of labor to produce.

Virginia The settlement of Jamestown was established in 1607. In 1624, Virginia was created as a royal colony that included Jamestown. Fertile land Cash crop, tobacco.

Virginia Grows Most young men were forced to work for wealthier farmers Becon’s Rebellion- led by Nathanial Bacon Organized a forced of 1, 000 westerners

Development of Bacon’s Rebellion Wealthy farmers own all of the good farmland on the coast, which forced poor farmers to move out west into Native American territory. Fighting broke out amongst Native Americans and settlers. Nathaniel Bacon led a rebellion and attacked Native Americans and then the settlement of Jamestown.

Why would poor farmers want to rebel against the Jamestown settlement?

Maryland’s economy was based on tobacco. Every 3 or 4 years, the tobacco crop used up the soil and workers had to clear new land. There were few women settlers.

Religions Toleration in Maryland Lord Baltimore Passed Act of Toleration in 1649 The Act of Toleration welcomed all Christians to the Maryland colony and gave adult male Christians the right to vote and hold office. Protected all Christian males Gave them all right to vote and hold office

Why would people support religious tolerance?

The Carolinas North Carolina developed slow The Northern part of Carolina developed slower than the southern portion, because it lacked natural harbors and rivers for ships to travel on. Lacked labors and easily navigable rivers Settlers lived on small farms Grew tobacco

Why did the Carolina colony split in two?

South Carolina Charles Town (Charleston)- biggest city in Southern Colonies Swampy low lands Causes need for slaves included Sugar- most important crop Rice

Georgia Last of England’s 13 Colonies Georgia was established as a colony to stop Spain from expanding north from Florida, and to have place for English debtors, or people who we money. Founded for two reasons English didn’t want Spanish to expand it’s Florida colony To protect English debtors Under English laws, debtors would go to jail

Tidewater Region Vs. Backcountry The Tidewater Region became economically dominated by the plantation system. Planters became very profitable by exporting crops such as cotton, sugar and rice to Europe. The Backcountry Families living in the backcountry were usually isolated. They often did not own their land legally. Families lived in simple one-room shacks. They typically did not own slaves and men, women and children worked in the fields.

Why might there be conflict between the Tidewater Region colonists and the backcountry colonists?