Colonies Colony a body of people who settle

Colonies Colony— "a body of people who settle in a new locality, forming a community subject to or connected with their parent state”; maintaining the cultural, social, and political identities of the mother country

Colonies Reasons: Citizen: 1. European wars—Spain, France, 2. Religious strife—Catholics, Protestants, Puritans, civil war 3. Economic transformation—enclosure movement 4. Land

Reasons: Colonies Nation/kingdom: • Mercantilism 1. Wool industry products sold abroad, but particularly in the Netherlands 2. Individual exporters formed companies with royal charters 3. Royal charters granted monopolies in specific regions 4. Investors in “trading” companies became wealthy

Colonies Development of Mercantilism 1. Local feudal wars evolved into regional wars dominated by competitive nations—Spain, France, England, Holy Roman Empire

Colonies Development of Mercantilism Regional wars between “super powers” required standing professional armies and navies

Colonies

Colonies Mercantilism

Colonies Question? ? How can the monarch raise enough money to build, equip, and maintain a large, professional, standing army and navy?

Colonies Development of Mercantilism 2. The growth of commercial and industrial activity in comparison to agriculture Did farming or commercial/industrial activities circulate money faster?

Colonies Development of Mercantilism 3. The increase in the volume and extent of trade

Colonies Development of Mercantilism 4. The increase in the use of metallic monetary systems (gold and silver coins) in comparison to barter transactions

Colonies Development of Mercantilism 1. Local feudal wars evolved into regional wars dominated by competitive nations—Spain, France, England, Holy Roman Empire 2. The growth of commercial and industrial activity in comparison to agriculture 3. The increase in the volume and extent of trade 4. The increase in the use of metallic monetary systems relative to barter transactions

Colonies Question? ? How can the monarch raise enough money to build, equip, and maintain a large, professional, standing army and navy?

Colonies Mercantilism The Answer: Obtain the largest possible surplus of gold and silver

Colonies Mercantilism Question? ? • Where were the sources of gold and silver? • How to obtain large amounts of gold and silver? • How to find sources of gold and silver that continue to produce over long periods of time?

Colonies Development of Mercantilism Marco Polo Christopher Columbus Hernan Cortes

Colonies Mercantilism Spanish Gold and Silver Mines in the New World

Colonies Mercantilism

Colonies Mercantilism Years Gold (kilos) Silver (kilos) 1503 -1510 4. 965 0 1511 -1520 9. 153 0 1521 -1530 4. 889 148 1531 -1540 14. 466 86. 193 1541 -1550 24. 957 177. 573 1551 -1560 42. 620 303. 121 1561 -1570 11. 530 942. 858 1571 -1580 9. 429 1. 118. 592 1581 -1590 12. 101 2. 103. 027 1591 -1600 19. 451 2. 707. 626 153. 561 7. 439. 138

Colonies Mercantilism Years Gold/Silver (Maravedíes) 1601 -1605 10. 981. 524. 600 1606 -1610 14. 132. 343. 150 1611 -1615 11. 037. 654. 220 1616 -1620 13. 550. 688. 000 1621 -1625 12. 154. 805. 325 1626 -1630 11. 229. 536. 925 1631 -1635 7. 699. 884. 430 1636 -1640 7. 341. 570. 900 1641 -1645 6. 193. 711. 121 1646 -1650 5. 296. 746. 150 Totals 99. 618. 464. 825

Colonies Mercantilism Years Gold/Silver (Maravedíes) 1651 -1655 2. 095. 791. 820 1656 -1660 1. 514. 658. 928 1661 -1665 1. 852. 668. 884 1666 -1670 1. 188. 953. 240 1671 -1675 1. 155. 335. 451 1676 -1680 1. 083. 506. 286 1681 -1685 529. 266. 946 1686 -1690 600. 385. 644 1691 -1695 205. 696. 380 1696 -1699 535. 709. 304 Totals: 10. 761. 972. 883

Colonies In practice, the Mercantile system worked as follows: • get the largest surplus of precious metals • a country must have a favorable balance of export trade 1. If you can export more to your neighbor than he exports to your own country 2. he will owe you money 3. obliged to send you some of his gold 4. hence you gain and he loses

Colonies As a result of this economic belief, the economic program of almost every seventeenth century state was as follows: 1. Try to get possession of as many precious metals as you can 2. Encourage foreign trade in preference to domestic trade 3. Encourage those industries which change raw materials into exportable finished products

Colonies As a result of this economic belief, the economic program of almost every seventeenth century state was as follows: 4. Encourage a large population-- you will need workmen for your factories 5. Let the State watch this process and interfere whenever it is necessary to do so

Colonies Mercantilism

Colonies Mercantilism early 1500’s late 1500’s 1600’s 1700’s

Colonies Mercantilism

Colonies Mercantilism Vera Cruz, Mexico St. Augustine, Florida

Colonies Mercantilism Havana, Cuba Lima, Peru

Colonies Mercantilism

Colonies Mercantilism British North American colonies Roanoke Colony, founded 1586 Virginia Company, chartered 1606 London Company Jamestown Settlement, founded 1607. Bermuda first settled in 1609 Citie of Henricopolis, founded in 1611 Plymouth Company Popham Colony, founded 1607 Society of Merchant Venturers (Newfoundland) Cuper's Cove, founded 1610 Bristol's Hope, founded 1618 London and Bristol Company (Newfoundland) Renews, founded 1615 St. John's, Newfoundland, claimed for England by Sir Humphrey Gilbert in 1583 Plymouth Council for New England Plymouth Colony, founded 1620 Ferryland, Newfoundland granted to George Calvert Province of Maine, granted 1622 South Falkland, Newfoundland, founded 1623 Province of New Hampshire settled in 1623 Dorchester Company Colony in 1624 Salem Colony settled in 1628 Massachusetts Bay Colony founded 1629

Colonies Mercantilism Massachusetts Bay Colony founded 1629 New Scotland, 1629 -1632 Connecticut Colony founded 1633 Province of Maryland founded in 1634 New Albion, chartered in 1634 Rhode Island Providence Plantations, first settled in 1636 New Haven Colony, founded 1638 Province of New York, captured 1664 Province of New Jersey, captured in 1664 Rupert's Land founded in 1670 Province of Pennsylvania founded 1681 Delaware Colony separated from Pennsylvania in 1704 Carolina Colony North Carolina, first settled 1586 Province of South Carolina in 1670. Province of Georgia first settled in about 1670 Nova Scotia in 1629 Quebec, in 1759 -1761 East Florida and West Florida, acquired from Spain in 1763 Prince Edward Island, separated from Nova Scotia 1769 New Brunswick, separated from Nova Scotia in 1784 Ontario, separated from Quebec in 1791 as Upper Canada Vancouver Island, in 1843 New Caledonia in 1858.

Colonies Mercantilism British Caribbean colonies Saint Kitts - in 1623 Barbados - The island was settled in 1625 Nevis - The island was permanently settled in 1628 Antigua - The island was settled in 1632. Barbuda - The island was settled about 1632 Montserrat - The island was settled in 1632. Bahamas - The islands were settled from 1647 Angular - The island was settled in 1650 Jamaica - The island was conquered from Spain in 1655 British Virgin Islands - The islands were settled from 1666 Turks and Caicos Islands - The islands were first permanently settled in the 1750 s Trinidad and Tobago - The island of Tobago was captured in 1762. The island of Trinidad was captured from the Spanish in 1797 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines - Saint Vincent was colonized in 1762 Grenada - The island was conquered from France in 1762 Saint Lucia - The island was captured from the French in 1778 Cayman Islands - The islands were acquired from Spain in 1870 British Central and South American colonies Belize - English adventurers starting in the mid-1600 s Mosquito Coast - This area was first settled in 1630 British Guiana - The English began colonies in the Guiana area in the early 17 th century Falkland Islands - The first British base of 1765 was abandoned in 1774